LowRider Subculture Essay Research Paper Rob BeldingAnt free essay sample

Low-Rider Subculture Essay, Research Paper Rob Belding Ant 202 05/07/00 Land Effectss, Tint, Bass, and Other Aspects of the Low-Rider Subculture In researching informations for this paper I spent one flushing take parting in the activities of the West Side Low-Rider nine. Information was besides gathered through my experience of life in the country where the group hangs out, West Asheville. My source is a friend of mine who is besides a member of the group. With his aid I was able to travel freely among club members. The focal point of the paper is in the symbol which the car represents for the driver and how club members alter or customize the symbol to obtain position. The West Side Low-Rider nine was established in 1991. The group was started by two brothers, Bobby and Sid. Together with five of their friends, the two work forces have created what is considered one of the largest low-rider nine in North Carolina. We will write a custom essay sample on LowRider Subculture Essay Research Paper Rob BeldingAnt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although arising in the sou-west among Latinos, low-riding became popular in Asheville in the mid 1970ss, and now there are three good established groups in Buncombe county. All of the nines are based in West Asheville, which lies across the Gallic Broad River, from the concern territory of Asheville. Other than occasional sails through business district, most of the nine activities are carried out in West Asheville. My friend Casper, who is a member of West Side, informed me that # 8220 ; West Asheville is where the true Ashevillians live # 8221 ; as # 8220 ; new age flower peoples # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; progressives # 8221 ; have taken over the remainder of the metropolis. The division between West Asheville and the remainder of Asheville is an interesting 1. As my source stated above, there are evident differences in the manner the two sides of town position themselves. Asheville has ever been a major tourer finish ; 15 old ages ago, nevertheless, the tourer began to remain twelvemonth unit of ammunition. The metropolis welcomed the largely affluent new occupants, by providing to the demands of the many new lodging developments which began jumping up around the downtown country. In an exodus reminiscent of # 8220 ; white flight, # 8221 ; the old occupants began traveling to the less populated countries environing the metropolis. It is this bitterness for the remainder of Asheville which led to the naming of West Side Low- Rider nine, which is called by most, West Side. # 8220 ; This material is all about male childs and their plaything # 8221 ; Mike P. Members of the group will state you that rank is unfastened to the populace, provided the remainder of the cats like you. There are 150 # 8220 ; rides # 8221 ; { a term used to depict a individual and their auto } in the group. All of them are males, between the ages of 16 and 20 seven. I asked why adult females where non allowed into the group, and was told by many that car mechanics, and driving for that affair, were activities which work forces performed better. Probing the issue further I found that most of the members thought that adult females do non necessitate to acquire soiled, and that the work is automatically oriented which happens non to accommodate adult females. Members of the nine are divided into two classs, work forces and male childs. Male childs are considered so until the 18th birthday which marks the debut into manhood. Sexual experience besides appears to be linked to the separation between work forces and male childs. Virginity is frowned upon, as no male can be considered a adult male, without first sing sexual intercourse. My informant told me that many male childs will lie about their sexual conquering in order to raise their position in the group. The separation between the sexually experient and those considered # 8220 ; cherries # 8221 ; is symbolically represented in name naming and gags which bring to illume the sexual sodium? vet? of the male childs in the nine. For illustration, one male child was referred to as # 8220 ; Lotion # 8221 ; connoting that his lone sexual pleasance came through onanism. The impression that adult females are non to be permitted into the nine is interesting, as they are the vehicle through which members achieve ultimate pleasance and position. I speculate that this impression is much like one ground in which many Muslim adult females wear the head covering. In order to alleviate work forces from being distracted by their desire for adult females, a head covering is worn to let free motion of all. The exclusion of adult females from the nine, allows it? s male members to interact without viing for the fondness of female members. In Bedouin society one ground for have oning the head covering is it? s representation of adult females as a separate category from work forces. The West Side members suggest the same separation thoughts in saying that adult females do non necessitate to acquire soiled while working on autos. As a whole, members of the group assume position and individuality through the autos which they drive. Bing a low-rider nine, the group views the # 8220 ; mill # 8221 ; car as a clean canvas, on which a host of looks may be made. In touring the parking batch, my sources showed me what is looked at in sizing up a drive. Custom characteristics are the most easy identified and are hence considered the most of import by many. The points to be modified include: pigment occupation, wheels, rims { hubcaps } , lift { height up } , drop { height down } , undercarriage lighting, and aero- adjustments { accoutrements designed to do the auto more aerodynamic } . Spines are besides considered an of import facet of custom-making the car. Spines bearing the Son of name trade names have become popular, non because of the merchandise they represent, yet an altered significance which the low-riders have created. All of the members of the nine have a big west side spine with the image of a mustachioe d bandito on the rear window. Performance of the car is every bit every bit of import to the partisan, looking for more than a # 8220 ; batch drive? which sits reasonably but runs like *censored*. # 8221 ; Keeping a auto? s engine and other parts requires a cognition of mechanics which is coveted by many members of the group. Members of the nine ill-famed for mechanical cognition are revered. The top velocity and rate of acceleration are two mechanical facets which take precedency among low-riders, as retarding force racing is the primary signifier of competition among the group. Exchange of mechanical service for goods frequently takes topographic point leting for the group to incorporate it? s cognition and commitment to their friends in the nine. The reciprocality among group members is similar to that found in smaller, hunter gatherer communities. The act of reciprocality illuminates a solidarity among group members, in making separate regulations among themselves. # 8220 ; The inside of the car is the womb. # 8221 ; Casper Low-riders spend as much clip # 8220 ; souping up # 8221 ; the inside of their autos as they do on any other facet of their drive. Members of West Side showed me autos with oriental rug insides, inside neon lighting, and even a covered pick-up trucks made to resemble a limousine. Luxury appeared to be the end, as many of the autos had been fitted with wood particularization, or even fake marble. Colored window tincting on some of the autos creates a coloured chromaticity throughout the inside of the auto. Many low-riders add switches and buttons to the splashboard to make whatever consequence they desire. One source told me of a auto which resembled the inside of Luke Skywalker? s X-wing combatant, from Star Wars. The hideous alterations made by usage auto partisan appear to be attemp T to divide oneself from mainstream society. This is achieved through alteration of symbols and stuffs found in dominate civilization. Persons identify themselves with the alterations they make to their autos, leting their cars to project the image that they wish for themselves. Car Stereos besides are an of import factor in a # 8220 ; bitchen ride. # 8221 ; The volumes accomplishable today in cars is reeling. Car Stereos frequently can be heard every bit far as a stat mi off, doing the whole human body to rattle with each bass hit. West Side members, all have customized talker kits in their autos, frequently in the signifier of a box contained in the bole. One member told me # 8221 ; a good system allow? s you be heard? peoples is hearen, my music. # 8221 ; The music played on the stereo is a different affair. Musical gustatory sensation amongst West Side members varied between Rap/ Hip Hop and Country/ Classic Rock. These two genres appeared to divide some members of the group. Many of the Country/Classic Rock hearers felt like the Rap/Hip Hop hearers were non being true to their roots. One cat commented, # 8220 ; state music is American Born, merely like baseball, hell merely like low-riden # 8221 ; possibly connoting that Rap and Hip Hop were merchandises of the African American Experience, of which no West Side members are a portion. The division of the group over musical gustatory sensation gives rise concerns over the turning size of the group. Members complained often of how the group no longer seemed like a household. Possibly the division of the group, via music, has allowed the group to happen greater solidarity in smaller Numberss. As solidarity appears to be a concern in the enrollment issue. Cruising the strip Possibly one ground for the constitution of the West Side low-rider nine is the cruising phenomena which takes topographic point on Patton Avenue. Every Friday and Saturday dark 100s of immature people, approximately between 14 and 25years old, drive up and down Patton Avenue, hanging from their autos, retarding force racing, and holding a good clip. Local shop proprietors report that the immature people have been making this for approximately twenty old ages. Complaining about the traffic created by the inflow of autos in weekend, many feel the constabulary should stop the pattern all together. That sentiment is non shared by all nevertheless, many fast nutrient eating houses and gas station employees feel the childs are merely holding a good clip, a adult female at the Amoco station on Patton explained, # 8220 ; I know I? vitamin D instead my childs be down here cruisen and raisen snake pit than away drinken and driven round the mountains? . childs Don? T normally acquire killed i n accidents down here. # 8221 ; The constabulary are seeable wholly along Patton Avenue With or without the consent of citizens, the street fills up, and Friday December sixth was no exclusion. It was this Friday that I arranged to run into with my friend Casper to cruise with boys/men of West Side. I met my friend and his comrades in the parking batch of CarToonz, a auto stereo concern on the strip owned by a club member. The parking batch was beating with bass resounding from the many parked autos. This parking serves as the rendezvous point for all West Side members. After touring the parking batch, in Casper? s 1989 Nissan Maxima, we pulled onto Patton and cruised the streets. Patton Avenue has a cement average running it? s length and a U-turn must be made to turn around. As many people are circling, the U-turn lane fills rapidly, and most of the clip exhausted cruising, is really exhausted sitting at brake lights. It is at the brake light that most of the societal exchange in cruising takes topographic point. I watched as Casper leaned from his auto window, speaki ng to misss and shouting at other patrol cars. He explained to me that it is non uncommon to see a miss in a auto and inquire her to come drive with you. Young people, riders, were continually abandoning autos in exchange for a new drive. I asked my source and his friends, what determines if a miss will come for a drive? They explained that a truly hot auto or a good choice on the stereo can and normally wins a miss over. Possibly make-up for work forces. After an hr of driving we pulled into Taco Bell and parked. Casper ran inside to purchase a drink, as loitering is non permitted, and we all sat on the goon. Our parking topographic point faced Patton Avenue and the group maintained duologue with about every passer-by. Several autos were parked in the batch and immature people were everyplace. One group appeared to be contending, and Casper explained to me that the two cats at the centre were members of another low-rider nine which was dividing up as a consequence of commitments to two feuding members. The battle began over the hooliganism of a members ride. I asked Casper if battles were common and he said, # 8220 ; this whole thing is cats and their autos and their adult females, of class there? s battles here. Shit adult male a guys edge to acquire his toes stepped on, there? s a batch of bad mother*censored*ers down here. # 8221 ; The Taco Bell parking batch is considered the best on Patton avenue, as it sits at the get downing line of the retarding force strip. Watching close to 15 tyre whining take offs, I became amazed at the strength of the whole thing. My friends explained to me that it? s reasonably much the same thing as arm wrestle and you must make it to acquire regard. I was reminded of a pageant of kinds. The constabulary issue a serious mulct for retarding force racing and their presence in the country attention deficit disorder to a heightened since of exhilaration. I neer got to take part in a retarding force race, regretfully. Drag racing has taken topographic point for decennaries, as a athletics of largely work forces. Many people associate the athletics with aggression and fiery auto clangs. Drivers on Patton Avenue have ritualized drag rushing much in the same mode as many other civilizations have ritualized signifiers of competition. The Yanomamo clasp ax battles as initial signifier of competition or aggression. My informant told me, while physical combat occurs often, the enemies have about ever raced before. Implying that retarding force racing is frequently used ab initio in order to settle differences or novice. The dark ended with my return to the parking batch of CarToonz. There were a twelve autos sitting, running, wirelesss blasting. I hung about for a small piece and so, thanking Casper and his friends, went place. Leaving, I couldn? T aid but look into out my auto as I approached. I began inquiring about my auto, and whether it represented me, like apparels. I began to believe of how the West Side members go to extremes to show themselves through their cars. Sing the car as an extension of the ego, a symbol with which the identify. The symbol, car, becomes something with which members use to presume their individuality. This phenomenon is found throughout the universe and is most widely expressed vesture manners. The head covering, besides, has become a symbol with which many Muslim adult females use for individuality. There is no uncertainty that members of West Side experience better about themselves while driving a # 8220 ; cool ride. # 8221 ; There is no quintessential # 8220 ; cool ride. # 8221 ; Everyone seems to be taking points from within the same model. The act of custom-making 1s automobile allows a individual to make an single individuality while being a portion of a larger group. This has led to the development of a sub-culture which is rather closely bound to the civilization from which it separates itself. 32f

buy custom American Civil War essay

buy custom American Civil War essay American civil war was started by a number of factors. There have been numerous debates for one hundred and thirty years over what caused the American civil war. The soldiers of the American South and the American North had one main goal of either fighting for or against the slavery. This means that slavery was the cause of the American civil war. Slavery was characterized by moral condemnation; the political leaders from either side divided the nation resulting to war (Hickman Para 2). The South American depended on the cotton as the principal economic activity. Slaves worked in the cotton firms. Any move to oppose slavery was received with hostility which eventually caused a war. The northern leaders were against the slavery. The American civil war was caused by the opposition of the North American and the South American on slavery (Barwolf 3). The political power of the federal government with the main offices in the Washington D.C. had numerous changes over the years. The increase of the populations led to the North American and the South American acquire more power with time. The southern states of America lost power in the sense that the population was redundant. This led to one portion of the nation becoming larger than the other. This is where sections of the nation were established. This was referred to as the sectionalism. The American federal government failed in harmonizing political power in the America leading to war. The southern states pushed for freedom from the central federal authority. The southern American believed that the state laws had calculative influence on the federal laws. This conflict on the federal laws and the state laws was referred to as the States Rights and was received warmly by the congress (Calore 25). The congress house and the presidents were unable to control the South America. South America was economically stable meaning that it was difficult to control it. Invention of the Cotton ginnery machine enhanced the agriculture business. The sectional crisis was difficult to restrain due to the strong economic factors in the South America. South America heavily relied on the slaves in the cotton farming. This reflected the need of a war of unification between the South America and the North America which was not economically reasonable. The political and economic issues led to the American civil war. The differences within the antebellum American society involved: slavery, western expansion, tariff reform, societal reform-renew and federal authoritys relations. The above lists issues made the Americans view their country in different perspectives. The political aspects that led to the war started soon after the American Revolution in the year 1782. There were intense arguments between the north and south. The contentious issues were on taxes called Tariff (Wilson 9). The South Americans felt it as a means of discouraging their progress; and they rejected the taxes leading to political confrontation. The taxing issue led to banks in the South pying higher interest rates than the banks in the North. The Southern Banks paid high interest rates to protect the Banks in the North from collapsing. The politicians of the Southerners argued that their voices were being ignored by the congress. They wanted to separate from the North America a condition referred to as Secede. The politicians and the economic change did nothing to solve the problem the Americans were experiencing. The constitution of America protected against seizure of property. Southerners referred to slaves as property. The slaves had a key role in the cotton industries. This led to an acute disagreement between the people of the North and the people of the South. Paul Finkleman indicated that the congress supported the North at the expense of the South America. He indicated that the constitution encouraged compromise and continued to relate the problems in America as devilish. The serious problems were related to immigration, race, gambling on the Indian reservations and the existence of the presidents. Other historians reflected the constitution as a compromise (Hickman Para 4). The government of America was practicing compromise for the good will of all members. Compromise in the constitution was based on positive environmental aspect. The constitution created further divisions within the political structure in the federal government. There were numerous political storms followed by intense bitter struggle. Compromise environment by the federal government did not solve the problems of the Americans. In fact, it resulted to bitter divisions between the South America and the North America (Wilson 12). The drafting of the constitution in the year 1787 provided the prevalence of compromise. Compromise had an intention of equalizing the people of South America and the people of North America. The word slavery never occurred in the American constitution. The federal government was willing to end the slave trade. This meant that the South America had to suffer from the effect. North America was in full support. South America referred to the constitution as a contract with the devil. The American Revolution on the abolishing of slavery in 1804 (Hickman Para 3) was a form of compromise that led to separation of various states. Thomas Jefferson feared crisis over slavery. He continued to assert that the crisis was a fire bell in the night. Thomas Jefferson insisted that all men had equal God given rights; this was a challenge for the American states that were willing to fight the British system. The abolitionists believed that all people were equal in Gods sight; they continued to assert that the souls of blacks and the whites were all the same in the eyes of God. The southerners were against the British system where the economy was based on the family farms. The South American economy was based on settled plantation system based on economy. Jefferson was critical in stating that there was an appending crisis on slavery. He insisted that America should stand on abolishing the slavery and support the British system (Wilsonn 13). The trans-Atlantic relationship was developed as a result of the American Revolution. Slavery was firmly and deeply valued in the American colonies. The South American population had forty percent slaves. New England provided America with ships used to convey slaves. Slave trade created business relationship in America and Britain. The industrial revolution brought in urbanization. The southerners did not like urbanization. This led to migrations between the Southern and the Northern American states. This led to the strengthening of the Souths defensive-aggressive political behavior. The people of the South and the people of North America were rivals. The people were resisting revolution and preferring being conservative. The revolution demanded equal rights of men. The tax plan was to develop the American industry and the global commerce. Southerners complained that the tax plan displayed favoritism to the Northerners (Hickman Para 4). The tax issue was hot and resulted to sectional crisis. The South militant and colonies were heavily against the tariffs and often hinted on withdrawing from the union. The militants of the North America were against slavery and the immoral acts which were obsolete. This led to the development of the British system. The issues of the 1690 to 1775 were remarkably similar to the development of the American empire in the years 1810 and 1860. The Southerners were farmers and the Northerners were industrialists. There was constant rivalry between the South and North America indicating a repeat of history over years. Virginia State had an influence in the slave trade. The Alabama platform by William L. Yancey indicated that the slave trade should not be restricted by the federal government and by the territorial governments. Virginia supported sovereignty where external influences were shunned away ((Wilson 7). Virginia fully supported the slave trade. John Brown organized a radical uprising to end the slave trade. The Massachusetts did not support the slave trade. Instead, it supported the slaves financially to settle in America. Massachusetts was on the opinion of government breaking from the slavery. The extensive influence called for no more slave states, and the enactment of the fugitive slave laws. Differences between Virginia and Massachusetts led to the nineteenth century civil war. The war was inevitable. The commonalities on ending the slave trade in the ongoing war led to the ending of the war (Hickman Para 5). The war equalized the Northern and the Southern states of America ending th e hostility. Conclusion The American war ended the slave trade. The South and North America were equalized as a result of the war. The South America relied heavily in the slavery in the cotton plantations. North America later became industrialized. The people of North America and the people of South America were rivals. The south was against modernization; and the Northern people were against the slave trade leading to a war. The war was inevitable. Buy custom American Civil War essay

Poverty Alleviation and Micro-credit Institutions Essay

Poverty Alleviation and Micro-credit Institutions - Essay Example rse credit and loans to people and institutions who have repayment capability and at the same time, ensure that loans are against securities that can be used to compensate them in case of default in repayment. These criteria become irrelevant for informal sector where people are living below poverty line and have neither job security nor any other kind of financial backing. To improve the living conditions and raise their living standard, non formal mechanisms of micro-credit become essential in the rural areas. The micro credit is designed to promote empowerment through income generating activities. The institutions facilitate easy credit to poor and ensure repayment through innovative schemes and incentives. The problems due to asymmetry in information, screening and enforcement are often overcome through integrated approach and providing inter-linkages to the credit and the commodities. The institutions also promote formation of self help groups and compulsory contribution to the emergency fund that can be utilized by the members in times of emergencies. The micro-financing is one of the key factors of poverty alleviation programs as it helps to provide the poor with the necessary credit to start income generating activity and thereby raise the living standard of the people in the developing countries. The innovative mechanisms and integrated approach help facilitate minimum standard of living and access to medical facilities, food and housing for every human being, irrespective of race, religion, political belief and socio-economic conditions. To encourage more funding through other international aid agencies and private donors, World Bank must facilitate requisite information and updated database of beneficiaries and poverty alleviation programs of under-developed and developing economies. The bank should encourage more proactive participation from the non government agencies and corporate houses to contribute to the socio-economic development and

Why Illegal immigration is good for the US Economy Essay

Why Illegal immigration is good for the US Economy - Essay Example This is the common wisdom regarding â€Å"illegals.† Everybody knows this. Everybody is wrong. Illegal immigrants actually commit fewer crimes than citizens because they will be deported for even the slightest infraction. The sacrifice to get here was too high to risk that. Regarding taking jobs from Americans, I often tell people that if an uneducated person who cannot speak the language, has no support system, no money, own only the clothes on their back and cannot possibly assimilate into society can take your job, it’s your fault. The main concern is the billions of dollars spent every year due to illegal immigration, money the U.S. just cannot afford due to the high National Debt and stagnant economy. They are like a colony of ants pouring over the border to invade our picnic. Unfortunately for legal and illegal citizens, the common wisdom on this subject lacks an appreciation of the real economic impact, a complex issue which should be more broadly understood before spending money we don’t have to fix a problem that does not exist. Because more students in the U.S. are graduating high school than in years past, workers with low levels of schooling are progressively difficult to find. These workers are an essential element of the economy. They harvest crops, build homes, clean offices, prepare food and are willing to take monotonous factory jobs. â€Å"Because of their low education levels, illegal immigrants don’t compete against skilled natives in the labor market.† (Zavodny, 2007) In 1960 only about half of U.S. citizens graduated high school. Today that percentage has dropped dramatically to 12 percent. Illegal immigrants provide the economy with employees who are in inadequate supply. Opponents of illegal immigration claim that a flood of â€Å"illegals† hurt the economy by lowering overall wages of citizens and increase expenses for public services such as education and health

To what extent do you agree that the 1911 parliament act was a Essay

To what extent do you agree that the 1911 parliament act was a siginifiacnt turning point for the political power of the aristocracy in the period 1830-1930 - Essay Example Enthused by French Revolution by-words like Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, British workers had started asking for their rights. The Great Reform Act of 1832 provided for the distribution of Parliamentary seats. It abolished many so called rotten or pocket boroughs. On the whole, it disenfranchised 56 boroughs, termed as rotten boroughs and most of them had no population. Then came the pocket boroughs in which aristocratic landlords controlled the number of representatives. Parliamentary representation of large towns and countries has been increased. Rural regions saw a reduction in their number of representatives. Scotland and Ireland saw increase in their representation. Earlier electorate had to have certain residential and financial requirements and those needs were lessoned. â€Å"On the whole, the Reform Bill of 1832 resulted in the transfer of political power from the landowning aristocrats to the middle class, and in the subordination of the House of Lords to the popular will,† http://www.thepotteries.org/chartism/reform_act.htm The abolished borough seats got redistributed to form new constituencies in smaller towns. Manchester and Birmingham got their representatives after this act. But the voting situation in the counties remained unaltered. Even to this day, historians had been unable to figure out if the threat of revolution of French revolution scale was imagined or real. House of Commons remained largely aristocratic, mainly because violence and expenses had been common during elections. â€Å"An unseen by-product of the Bill was that political parties were stronger than before and the party could usually impose ministers on the monarch,† http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A545195 This was done with a great feeling of victory, because elections were symbols of the will of people. House of Lords had no desire to pass the bill that would decrease their influence and power. But by then, rightly or wrongly they had become extremely

Arguments For and Against the Vaccine

Arguments For and Against the Vaccine Vaccine Debate Introduction There has always been a debate over the idea that children our newborns don’t need vaccinated. Some people think they give babies deadly diseases that would kill them. Who knows it may or may not be true. In this paper I’m going to go over both sides of this big debate and explain why getting your children vaccinated is VERY important, especially when it comes to your children’s lives. Another thing is how a vaccine even works to show you that vaccines are safe. The Doctor Is out: The anti-vaccination movement in America Since 1998, a growing fear surrounding vaccinations in the United States and England has been spreading. The claim is that vaccinations contain dangerous amounts of Mercury, Formaldehyde, and other toxins and can possibly link to bowel disease and autism. Despite mountains of evidence to the contrary, the anti-vaccination (which has gained the dubious moniker, anti-vax) movement continues to grow in The United States and England. This paper looks to outline the history of the movement, both historical vaccination scares and the modern incarnation of anti-vax, and shed light on the dangers of not having children vaccinated, as well as present evidence to the safety and effectiveness of vaccines. The current vaccination scare is nothing new, and is reminiscent of previous historical scares, the worst of which being in 19th Century Europe. In 1853, the British government passed the Vaccination Act of 1853, making vaccinations mandatory for all children in the first three months. The pas sage of the act caused a violent anti-vaccination movement to begin, with riots in Ipswich, Henley, and Mitford. Subsequently, the Anti-Vaccination League in London was formed the same year, giving the movement an appearance of credibility. In 1867, Parliament passed another law, The Compulsory Vaccination Act of 1867, extending the vaccination schedule to fourteen years. This caused more backlash within the anti-vaccination community, and more groups began forming, such as the Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League, as well as scientific journals such as The Anti-Vaccinator (1869), The Vaccination Inquirer (1879) and The National Anti-Compulsory Vaccination Reporter (1874) (Wolf, Robert M; Sharp, Lisa K, British Medical Journal). The movement didn’t stop in England, however. By the 1870s it had spread to Sweden, and the vaccination rate in Stockholm dropped from 90% in 1872 to 40% in 1873. The Swedish government did little to react to this until Stockholm was hit by a major Smallpox pandemic in 1874. With so few people vaccinated against the virus, it spread quickly and ravaged the city, leaving 4,063 dead in Sweden, and 1,206 of those deaths in the city of Stockholm (Kotar, S.L., Smallpox: A History p. 177). Other countries weren’t immune to this outbreak, either. Europe was in the middle of the Franco-Prussian war at this time, meaning large forces were moving quickly across Europe, and taking the disease with them. Smallpox spread into Denmark and Norway, which led to 6,620 reported cases and 425 deaths in Denmark, and 2,235 cases with 275 deaths in Norway (Kotar, S.L., Smallpox: A History p. 177). By this point in history, a viable Smallpox vaccine was available and had been for decades. In 1798, Edward Jenner effectively immunized patients against Smallpox by injecting them with a weaker strain of Cowpox. The body’s immune response to fight off the Cowpox virus conferred a permanent immunity to contraction of Smallpox. The uproar over vaccine denial in Europe, however, made the vaccination useless, and while Sweden had laws in place requiring vaccinations, they were not well enforced. 49% of children weren’t immunized in Stockholm, the city that took the brunt of the pandemic. Understanding this direct cause and effect relationship between lack of vaccinations, mobility of people, and deaths from preventable diseases is important in the fight against the modern day anti-vaccination movement. Europe in the 1870‘s lost a portion of its population to a preventable disease, which was spread so quickly by the movement of armies during the Franco-Prussian war as well as the displacement of civilians resulting from the war. Smallpox, as with most diseases, incubates in people for a few days before symptoms are visible, however it is still possible to spread the virus while it’s in its incubatory stages. So, this means that many people who arrived in Sweden and Denmark that were carriers had no outward symptoms. They were interacting with a culture that was largely unvaccinated against Smallpox, allowing the disease to run rampant amongst the population with deadly consequences. Fast forward 130 years to the modern world and this scenario could again become a lethal reality. We live in a world that increasingly connected, where people travel daily from one country or continent to another, and with little effort. While there are vaccination laws in the United States and most of the rest of the developed world, places such as West Africa have no such laws, and very high rates of vaccine preventable illnesses. People can travel quickly and with relatively little effort from these places and back again in less than the amount of time it would take a viral infection to start showing symptoms. This is exactly what happened in Newark, Texas in 2013. The Eagle Mountain International Church in Newark is a church that boasts over 1,500 members. They are also vehement anti-vax proponents. In August of 2013 a member had traveled to Indonesia, where he contracted measles. He showed no outward symptoms upon his return to Texas and attended church, where he then spread the measles to other members of the congregation. Sixteen people contracted the illness, nine children and seven adults, none of whom had been vaccinated against it. One of the adults then spread the measles to nearby Denton, Texas, infecting another five people, again, not vaccinated (Aleccia, Jonel; NBC News). While this case was relatively mild and brought no fatalities, it shows a demonstrable pattern between vaccine denial, migration, and infection. To understand why vaccinations are important, it’s necessary to understand how they work; and to understand the denial movement it’s important to know the stance of the anti-vaccinationists. Without delving too much into the science (entire doctoral and PhD thesis have been written on the subject), vaccines work by injecting weak or paralyzed forms of viruses and other chemicals directly into the bloodstream of a patient. The patient’s (typically an infant) immune system then fights off the infection, and the body builds an immune response to the infection. This response is permanent, and the patient has now developed anti-bodies to various diseases (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, How Vaccines Prevent Disease). The anti-vaccination stance is that vaccinations are not tested enough, that pharmaceutical companies cannot be trusted, and that the added chemicals in vaccinations aren’t safe for human consumption. They claim, as well, that parts from aborted fetuses, rabbit brains, dog kidney, and chicken embryos are used in the manufacture of vaccines, and that while you can always get a vaccination, you can’t undo an existing one. The list of chemicals in vaccinations is indeed staggering, according to the anti-vaccination camp. Thimerosol, MSG, anti-freeze, and formaldehyde are just a few of the long list of dangerous chemicals in vaccinations, according to the web site The Healthy Home Economist (http://www.thehealthyhomeeconomist.com/six-reasons-to-say-no-to-vaccination/). While it is true that many of these chemicals exist in vaccines, they are frequently in trace amounts not harmful to humans. Many of them are used only during the manufacturing process and are actually removed from the final product. Thimerosol, which contains ethyl mercury, is common in many vaccines, and is used as a disinfectant (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Vaccine Ingredients). Anti-vaxers have claimed for years that the addition of mercury into an infant is incredibly dangerous, however, a study published in The Lancet and conducted at the University Of Rochester proved just the opposite. 40 infants were randomly selected, 19 of them received vaccines with ethyl mercury, and 21 without. Blood, urine, and stool samples were then taken from the infants from three to twenty eight days after the initial vaccination. The infants were exposed to 111.3 micrograms of Thimerosol containing ethyl mercury (higher than is contained in vaccines) or to 82.5 micrograms if the i nfant was under 3 months old (for scale, 1 microgram is equal to 1.0e-9 kilograms). The findings showed that, between 4-10 days, the half-life decay of ethyl mercury was 95%, meaning that 95% of the chemical had dissipated from the infants in just over a week. Further, the trace amounts that were actually injected into the infants were incredibly minute, so much so that, by comparison, you would consume more mercury by eating an apple, almost ten times as much. Only one of the infants was shown to have an increased level of ethyl mercury after 28 days, but the amount still fell within the acceptable tolerance range (Pichichero, The Lancet). Mono Sodium Glutamate, or MSG, is present as well in vaccinations; however this chemical in small amounts is in no way harmful to humans. It’s commonly found in table salt and other food seasonings. While formaldehyde is indeed used in the manufacture of vaccines, it is not in the final product. The formaldehyde is used to paralyze the vir us that is going in the vaccination, and is subsequently removed before the vaccine is complete. The American Journal Of Public Health performed a study in 1954 of the use of formaldehyde in the poliomyelitis vaccine, and found it to be completely safe (American Journal Of Public Health, Salk, Jonas E. M.D., Volume 44 Issue 5). Anti-freeze is another harmful chemical that the anti-vaccinators will frequently tell you are contained within all vaccines. While this isn’t completely untrue, it’s not totally true either. It is more the subject of a poor understanding of chemistry. Anti-freeze is primarily methanol, which is in the chemical family of alcohols. However, methanol is completely harmless to humans in small amounts. Anti-freeze, though, is very poisonous in nearly any dosage. That’s due to the active ingredient, the freezing-point depressor ethylene-glycol. While methanol is certainly found in vaccines due to its sterile properties, ethylene-glycol certainly isn’t (Brown, M.D., Baby 411: Clear Answers Smart Advice about Your Baby’s Shots). The modern evolution of the anti-vaccination movement started in earnest with Dr. Andrew Wakefield in 1998. He published a study in The Lancet Medical Journal in which he claimed to have found a link between the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine and Autism Spectrum Disorders, or ASD. The initial report sent shock waves through the medical community. However, four years later the results of his research were unable to be reproduced by any other medical team and speculation arose. Finally, in 2004, Brian Deer, an investigative journalist for The Sunday Times in London published his findings. In the course of his research into Dr. Wakefield’s study he found multiple conflicts of interest (Deer, Brian, The Sunday Times). His article prompted a lengthy investigation by the General Medical Council (GMC), England’s medical ethics and licensing board. During the course of their investigation, they found Andrew Wakefield to be guilty of serious professional misconduct and stripped him of his medical license, and had his home stricken from the Medical Register. The GMC found that he had accepted money from a private contingent of lawyers, the Legal Aid Board (LAB), who were engaging in a class action lawsuit against a vaccine production company. Wakefield was paid $84,160.00 (converted from Pounds Sterling) for his research, and it was concluded that over half of the money went directly to Mr. Wakefield instead of into the study. He was also found to be guilty of tampering with 5 of the patients, even though he had a strict no contact rule with all patient test subjects (General Medical Council, Fitness to Practice Council, 1-7). As far as a link between autism and the MMR vaccine, doctors have dismissed it as a classic case of correlation not being equal to causation. Most children are diagnosed with ASD shortly after they are vacc inated, but that’s only because nearly all children are vaccinated, and the age at which vaccinations take place are the same age at which ASD starts to show its symptoms, but there is no direct correlation between the two. Even though the evidence all points to the contrary, and the research and testing have proven vaccinations to be both safe and effective, vaccination denial is still a prevalent health issue. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) releases a weekly report, the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly. Report that shows all cases of infectious and communicable diseases reported in the United States. The data shows a clear spike of vaccine preventable illnesses, such as Measles, Diphtheria, Rubella, and Smallpox in geographical areas that have higher concentration of anti-vaccination advocates (Centers for Disease Control, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, report data for April 2014). The danger isn’t just for those who choose not to get vaccinated or choose not to get their children vaccinated. Vaccinations are so effective because of â€Å"herd immunity†. There are people who are incapable of getting vaccinated, either due to allergies or to rare medical conditions. They rely on the people around them to be properly vaccinated, thus eliminating a host for the virus. As rates of vaccination decline, the herd becomes smaller, and viruses and diseases will be able to find hosts easier, not only contaminating those foolish enough not to get vaccinated, but also those who are just unable to get vaccinated. Conclusion This is a dangerous and very real health concern. The CDC has (unofficially) referred to celebrities such as Jenny McCarthy and Bill Maher, who are staunch opponents of vaccinations, as public health threats. The data is clear, vaccinations are safe, and there is absolutely no link between vaccinations and autism. The media has leaned heavily on scare tactics to boost ratings, reporting that vaccinations are potentially dangerous and encouraging people to seek homeopathic or natural remedies instead of synthesized ones. It is our duty as a people to educate and be educated on such matters that concern our public health with such tremendous force.

THE NEW GENDER GAP Essay -- essays research papers

THE NEW GENDER GAP By This article talks about the educational, environmental, and social gap that has been created because girls are becoming a bigger part of the world today. It starts out by discussing a class of 2003 that had voted in their high school leaders. Everyone had voted in a male as senior class president. But after taking office, he quickly instructed all of the female members that he was the one calling all of the shots. Once the girls realized they out numbered the boys, they quickly impeached him and voted in a girl as class president. From the beginning of time women have been told they need to do their job, which was bearing children, taking care of the house as well as tending to their husband. That became an education base for teachers. Except this all changed when women took the place of their husband at work while they went off to war in World War I. A movement started to take place. Soon you started to slowly see women working. Mothers, caregivers, and educators began to make girls see that the opportunities for growth was great, and all they had to do was grab it. With each achievement a woman made, others praised them. The drive for women to succeed only became so great that more emphasis has been put on females, which leave the male gender lacking. It is shown there are 133 girls getting their BAS for every 100 boys, a number that is expected to grow to 142 women 100 men by the year 2010. While girls have better grades, are more thorough in th...

Why I Enjoy School

Although many people, including myself, say that they hate school, it is one of the most meaningful places in my life. When I say school, I’m referring to Interlake High School (IHS). Yes of course school may be boring or hard but it has made me the person I am today. School is meaningful to me because of the friends and memories I have made, because it has made me the person I am today, and it is leading me to my future and who I will become. My absolute favorite part about school is the people. Through the 3 years that I have been at Interlake, I have made many friends. Some friends have come and gone, but nonetheless my friends are what make me look forward to coming to school every day. Before I came to Interlake, I was a student in the Snoqualmie Valley School District. I had gone to school with the same kids from kindergarten all the way up until 8th grade. Originally, Mt Si HS was supposed to be the high school that I was going to attend, but once I graduated from 8th grade my parents decided to transfer me to Interlake. I’m glad they did this because the friends I have made at Interlake are 100 times better than any of the friends I ever had growing up in the Snoqualmie Valley School District. I cherish all the friends that I have made at Interlake because without them, I could be a completely different person right now. All together, friends are the number one reason why school is so meaningful to me. Another reason why school is meaningful to me is because it has made me the person I am today. In addition to my friends influencing my path is who I am today, I have also changed due to other acquaintances I have made, and some of the teachers at Interlake. One thing I love about some of the teachers at Interlake is how chill they are. Usually some teachers would try to be an authoritative force that controls the classroom, but certain teachers at Interlake make me feel comfortable in the environment that I’m in and in return I am able to talk with them without being scared of what they may say. When talking to my teachers, some have told me when I’m getting out of line or if I’m changing in a negative way and it really helps me stay on track and not lose focus. What also helps me stay on track are some of the other people at Interlake. Certain individuals at Interlake are menaces to society, and are likely not going to have a very successful future. These individuals influence me on who I want to become because they provide a template on what I shouldn’t do. Even though many others including myself may dislike these individuals as people, I appreciate them for what they have taught me what not to do. Without Interlake HS and the people in it, I may be a completely different person. Lastly, Interlake high school is meaningful to me because it (in addition to college) is what is going to lead me into the rest of my life. In a nutshell, Interlake has given me an education. It didn’t just give me an average education, but a top tier education due to the fact that Interlake is one of the top schools in the state. Again, I was supposed to attend Mt Si high school, but instead I came to Interlake because the academics are at a much higher level than at Mt Si. This education I have acquired is what is going to lead me into the college I am going to. If I had gone to Mt Si, my grades could have been different which would have affected the college that I may get accepted to this upcoming winter and spring. Who is to say what would have happened, but I know in my heart that coming to Interlake has set me up for a better future than what I would have become if I had gone to Mt Si. Lastly, Interlake is meaningful to me because public school in America is free. I appreciate this because not all countries have such accessibility that America does in our schooling system. In conclusion, Interlake is meaningful to me because of the friends I have made, the things that have influenced me to become the person I am today, and because of how its going to influence my future. Without Interlake I could have had completely different friends, been a completely different person, and could have had a completely different future.

Plagiarism Issues Essays

Plagiarism Issues Essays Plagiarism Issues Essay Plagiarism Issues Essay Knowing that someone committed plagiarism for the first time or for a several times already is a bit hard because one gets between doing the right thing and keeping it a secret. However, despite this difficulty, one should be motivated enough to stick to what is right. If I were Ariana, I would consider my options. I can pretend to ignore what Kunta did but then I have to live with my conscience for overlooking that mistake. If I pretend to ignore it, my grades in school will also be jeopardized, or worse, I might be expelled. Though it is hard, it is just right that I report to my instructor what Kunta did. I am sure he knew that plagiarism is unethical and illegal, and he knew the consequences of committing it. The possibility that anyone can notice his act of plagiarism is at hand. Thus, he should expect that anytime soon he will be reprimanded for it. It is also difficult that the other members in the team tolerated Kunta’s actions. What is worse is that they knew this was going on for sometime, yet they did not do something just because they were good friends with Kunta. They deliberately committed willful ignorance and consent. With no one to support me, I am faced with the sole responsibility of reporting the case to my instructor. As my grades and my status in the university are at stake, I would not want to work with Kunta, especially if he resisted being reprimanded. Persons who do things that are unethical and/or illegal may harm others. Kunta is not a good model as a student, and this can taint his other group mates as well. Whether someone gets caught of committing plagiarism is one of the issues that do not seem to be settled. There were questions that do not have easy answers, such as whether if unintentional copying of someone’s work without proper acknowledgment still plagiarism (Green). On this case, I think the answer is yes, even for the case of Kunta. As defined, plagiarism is copying someone’s works or ideas without properly attributing those ideas to the original author (Tutorial† Plagiarism: What it is and How to Recognize and Avoid it†). Kunta did commit plagiarism, regardless if he was never caught before. With these views in mind, I adhere to the belief that honesty is the best policy. Plagiarism is unethical and illegal, and it robs the author of the benefits entitled to him. I always avoid committing plagiarism. Subjecting myself to such unethical acts is an utter conflict with my beliefs.

hypertextrealities essays

hypertextrealities essays Gateway Computers finds a unique selling point to attract customers: their advertisement shows a young man ecstatic after getting the latest computer in the market. However, on his way home, he reads a billboard sign, which displays that a newer version of the same computer is launched. Apart from marketing Gateway Computer's upgrading strategy, the advertisement reflects the rate of change in a technology-oriented world; the dichotomy being that such rapid change undermines the possibility for users to cope with emerging, changing technology. The situation exemplifies a new and unstable era for pedagogy in the age of information technology where technical communicators must be provided with a conceptual framework for the comprehension of malleable information and complex discrete elements (Basseur 78-79). Rhetoric plays an important role in navigating a technical communicator. In a hypertext project, it is the rhetorical framework that aids the communicator to translate multimedia into a tool for persuading an audience. For example, Power Point as software uses the visual component as the dominant feature to process information in a graphical manner. The added components would be movie files, sound files, animated graphic, and embedded graphics. Thus, hypertext environment incorporates multiple variations of multimedia. For a novice communicator, it is possible that the tools may become the focal point of the presentation, as a Web page designer using an overabundance of animated graphics for the sake of visual stimulation. In the process, the focus shifts from the gestalt principle of figure-ground to the creation of visual noise (Kostelnick-Roberts 59). In this case, the designer overlooks the role of the graphics. Instead, the graphics are used as decorative images in the broader framework. An instructor teaching software applications may run the same risk of concentrating on the utilities and ignoring the cont...

Internal assessment for International bacculaureate Essay

Internal assessment for International bacculaureate - Essay Example Megginson, William L., Robert C. Nash, and Matthias Randenborgh. "The financial and operating performance of newly privatized firms: An international empirical analysis." The Journal of Finance 49.2 (2012): 403-452. Introduction General Introduction Organizations within the contemporary environment continue to struggle in order to survive and grow amidst the increased competition. The reductions in the barriers to entrants have been a major factor contributing to increased competition (Altman 591). Classical firms continue to have significant problems in respect to competition despite the fact that they may be commanding high market share. As a result, such firms need to establish an evaluation and analysis into its performance in order to ascertain whether they can continue to survive or grow within the contemporary business environment. Hafeera Contracting Company is one such organization that has existed since 1968. The following is an analysis of Hafeera’s financial and ov erall performance in a bid to establish its survival and growth within the contemporary business environment. ... has been involved in undertaking specific projects that correspond to government industry, housing, road works, building, sewage and drainage, heavy civil construction, and construction of water supply networks amongst others. Indeed, Hafeera Contracting Company has been involved in many activities, which provide further room for both survival and growth within the construction industry. Findings The main question that this assessment and analysis aim at answering is â€Å"Can Hafeera Group continues to survive based on the current performance status?† In order to find the answers to this question, the assessment and analysis employed the use of financial data (Altman 591). The following are some of the findings from the assessments and analyses of financial data for Hafeera Contracting Company. The findings are categorized into the current financial information as well as the comparison of past financial information (2007 to 2010). It is important to understand a firm on the basis of its past performance whilst comparing with the present for the purposes of forecasting into the future. Latest Financial Performance Table 1: Latest Financial Performance 31 December 2011 Total Income $ 3,984,950 Total Expenses $ 3,059,556 Net Profit for the year $ 925,394 Total Equity $ 3,310,348 The above table shows or indicates the latest financial performance of information of the client. These data are useful in understanding the current performance of the firm hence provides a room or an opportunity of forecasting and making inferences about the future (Chadwell-Hatfield 101). The financial information provided in Table 1 can be used to generate various financial ratios, which may provide an understanding of the status and performance of Hafeera Contracting Company thus enhance in

Organization of the Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organization of the Future - Essay Example the liberty to do what they want with the business and this means whether the business will make profits or not the owner has full control over all the possible outcomes (Goldsmith, 2009). A sole proprietor cannot be fired by anybody because he owns the business thus he can do his job at his own speed. In this form of business, owner can decide to give any name that he or she wants to and this also means that the owner can call his business by his name or just come up with a fictitious name without being asked for any explanation. This is the most famous legal forms of commerce due to the fact that it has the ease of setup, nominal cost and its wide simplicity (Mole, 2003). When it comes to legalizing a sole proprietorship business, one only needs to register his or her name and get legal licenses of the business and there it is ready to start operating. One of the only disadvantages of the sole proprietorship is that the business owner remains responsible for any losses that the business undertakes and this means that if the business goes through a financial crisis then creditors are allowed to come and bring lawsuits against the business owner. When such suits take place successfully then a sole proprietor is forced to pay the debts with his or her own pocket money and this is where the pain of the money lost is greatly felt (Witte, 2000). Another benefit of a sole proprietorship business is that while business checks are written by creditors, they are printed with the name of the business owner or with the fictitious names that the business bares and this means that a sole owner can bring lawsuits against another company that bears its business name. Many businesses in the modern world begin as a sole proprietorship then along the way depending on its rate of growth it graduates to more complex forms and this also benefits the owner in a huge way (Ostroff, 1999). Competitors of Cosmos Cuisine are big restaurants and hotels in town such as Jazz restaurant