Relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction at Essay

Connection between hierarchical responsibility and employment fulfillment at Mcdonalds eateries - Essay Example HR activities of McDonald’s enormously encourage work fulfillment and make an exceptionally energetic and successful workforce. It advances a feeling of shared vision and aggregate duty bringing about improved execution and profitability. Aside from this, McDonald’s faithfully supports proficient improvement through in-house preparing and making a consistent learning condition. It helps sustain an elevated requirement of morals and quality work by instilling awareness of other's expectations and responsibility in their work boundaries. The ordinary motivating forces for improved execution, in-house markdown on food things and adaptable timings are barely any other crucial components for high employment fulfillment among the McDonald’s workforce. The ongoing activities by the administration to advance work of individuals who have been jobless for over a half year immensely mirrors the company’s social awareness and work well disposed approaches (Burley, 200 9). One can in this way, infer authoritative responsibility and employment fulfillment at McDonald’s are characteristically connected. The different help and prize projects urge its representatives to put forth a strong effort. Its pledge to assorted variety at working environment guarantees relationship working through diverse understanding and shared regard. Reference Burley, Briar. (25 March, 2009) McDonald’s to support jobless.

Impact of Globalisation on the Nature of Work in Developing Countries Essay

Effect of Globalization on the Nature of Work in Developing Countries - Essay Example adversely considerably more than the male partners in similar nations since they are more averse to have the option to take up the talented business openings. Extending Income Gaps There are different drawbacks which accompany globalization. As globalization makes work for the talented individuals and removes the equivalent from the individuals who are not expertly prepared, this will keep on enlarging the salary hole and these creating nations will wind up without a white collar class. A nation without a working class is as a rule in danger of financial and political hazards, and this is the reason the issue of globalization persists.6 Globalization will keep on growing the hole between poor people and the rich as the couple of individuals in the created nations who have been rich enough to get training keep on taking the top occupations, either locally or even universally, and be more extravagant, and the lion's share who don't have instruction keep on being jobless and without inc ome.7 Those destitute individuals won't be equipped for teaching their kids, and the pattern will proceed. Then again, the rare sorts of people who are at the highest point of the financial stepping stool will have the option to train their youngsters, and this implies the couple of rich will keep on getting more extravagant while the lion's share poor will keep on being less fortunate. India’s work advertise was one of the first to enormously profit by globalization as it was the favored goal for business process re-appropriating. Because of numerous western outdoors in Indian urban communities searching for taught jobless people to do their call place work, numerous youthful and instructed men profited and began gaining pay rates they couldn't have longed for, particularly for a call operator. The issue with this was not every person in India is instructed and whenever these open doors came,... This report focuses on that â€Å"education contrasts have assumed a major job in transforming globalization openings into revile for creating countries†. This is a major issue in creating nations in light of the fact that in these nations, hardly any individuals are instructed and subsequently can't make the most of these open doors achieved by globalization. Creating nations additionally have ladies who are commonly significantly less instructed than their male partners. This is dissimilar to in the created reality where the hole between the informed guys and females is shutting everything down. This implies ladies in creating nations will be influenced adversely significantly more than the male partners in similar nations since they are less inclined to have the option to take up the talented business openings. Globalization has likewise helped in boosting the neighborhood work numbers in creating nations through supporting nearby organizations. This paper makes an end that globalization has both positive and negative effects. As to the work showcase, globalization has brought both good and unfavorable effects. Be that as it may, the negative effects appear to exceed the positive ones and, if not put under control, these negative effects may wind up having a genuine ramifications for the worldwide economy as opposed to just for the creating scene. Subsequently, it is fundamental that the issue of globalization be taken a gander at genuinely and any future issues be understood so as to keep away from a negative impact on the worldwide economy.

Reading The Golden Touch Chapter 3-4 Notes Flashcard

Perusing The Golden Touch Chapter 3-4 Notes

English Lexicon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

English Lexicon - Essay Example Since the center of the twentieth century it has been basically thought of as a minor of Jennifer.1 Jane is the This name has numerous structures, and as such includes numerous implications inside the English vocabulary. A jenny is characterized, by Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary, as both of three things, the initial two being gotten from 1600 from the name Jenny: 1) a female winged creature, as in a jenny wren; 2) a female jackass; or 3) a turning jenny, an early numerous shaft machine for turning fleece or cotton (ca. 1783, got from Jenny, a moniker for Jane).3 Jen is, in Chinese way of thinking, an empathetic love for mankind or for the world as a whole.4 There are different word reference passages, in any case, for the word jane, which depends on the namesake Jane. One word reference says that jane is slang for a young lady or a woman.5 The Free Dictionary asserts that the word jane is a coin of Genoa or any little coin; likewise, a jane could be a sort of twilled cotton cloth.6 There are different minor departure from the name Jane and uses of the name Jane. The name Jane Doe has become a piece of the English dictionary so as to portray a normal or conventional lady or it very well may be [u]sed as a name in legitimate procedures to assign an obscure or unidentified lady or girl.7 Jane Doe was only a nonexclusive name, yet it has taken a mainstream turn as of late, turning out to be a piece of the jargon of the overall population. Mary Jane is slang for marijuana.8 Supposedly that name is related with weed since you have Mary related with mari-and Jane related with - juana. That is justifiable. Likewise embraced into the English dictionary by method of the name Jane is the term invisible girl, which signifies [l]acking enhancement or claim; fundamental or simple.9 The name Jean is likewise generally utilized, which is ladylike, and Medieval English variation of JehanneIt was normal in England and Scotland during the Middle Ages, however in the long run got uncommon in England. It was reintroduced to the English-talking world from Scotland in the nineteenth century.10 The word jean, obviously, has been brought into the English vocabulary, and has two implications, as indicated by the Free Dictionary. A jean can be either a substantial, solid, twilled cotton, utilized in making regalia and work garments or plural pants, [p]ants made of jean, denim, or another strong fabric.11 Also, what will be talked about is young men's names, or manly names, which have been adjusted into the vocabulary. First we will start by examining the name Peter. The name Peter is [d]erived from the Greek (Petros) signifying 'stone'. This is an interpretation utilized in many renditions of the New Testament of the name Cephas, signifying 'stone' in Aramaic, which was given to the witness Simon by Jesus (look at Matthew 16:18 and John 1:42). Simon Peter was the most

Coal Keeps the Lights on

He would go in at dim and leave at dull and regularly abandon eating or taking a break since his Job was so requesting. Despite the fact that mining was hazardous and fiery work he cherished his Job. In 1966 his compensation was $3. 25 60 minutes, for that day and time he was taking in substantial income. In 1980 when he needed to stop because of medical problems his top compensation was $26. 00 60 minutes. 00nes) fit was hard, yet I had a Job to do.Coal keeps the lights on. said Delbert. His Job accompanied numerous obligations. He needed to deal with himself, ensure his laborers were all protected and ensure they took care of business. Cones) When he landed his Position completed he was all set home to his better half and family. Delbert said there was nothing better than the manager saying may young men allows shut her to her, its opportunity to return home. That was something they anticipated following a monotonous days work. Upchurch 2 He knew when he was a young man he would ha ve been a coal digger. His granddad, father and many close family members and companions were all coal miners.If you lived in Harlan, more than likely you would have been working in the mines. The best thing he preferred about his Job was the test of difficult work. He said he cherished whatever came as challenge to him, he adored when he accomplished precisely what he set out to do. Cones) Jones said he misses working in the mines. On the off chance that his wellbeing was better he would be directly back. He additionally said that the vast majority of his family worked in the mines, yet he wouldn*†° need any of his grandkids experiencing what he did to accommodate his family. He said It was a great job, however he could live without the throbs and agony he feels veryday.Cones) Although life in the mines were hard, it was much harder on his body. The twenty two years he gave the mines gave him back one pulverized body. He wound up having dark lung sickness from breathing in the entirety of the coal dust which in the long run went in to COPD Cones) He likewise nad to experience six back medical procedures trom all ot the twisting around and creeping he needed to do. He said in the event that you work in the mines you will come out with an old worn out up and worn out body. He couldn't imagine anything better than to be living in Harlan, working nightfall until sunrise carrying on with the coal diggers life. It was and will consistently be separated of who he is.Two of his children likewise worked in the mines close by of him. They didn*†° put about the same number of years as he did, yet put enough in to both be handicapped with back wounds. Jones said him that he see them leave before they got *lack lungand It assume control over the remainder of their lives. He said he would have adored it if his body would have let him work sufficiently long to resign from the mines. That was one of the objectives he had set for himself that he didn*†° get the chance to achieve. Jones said he is to some degree grateful he got out when he did, if not the pressure of the Job may have been excessively hard on

BAE Systems’ Case Study Essay - 2200 Words

BAE Systems' Case Study (Essay Sample) Content: BAE Systemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Case StudyName of StudentName of InstructorName of InstitutionDate SubmittedOUTLINE 1 Task 1: Laudable decisions 2 Task 2: Standard ways of placing blames 3 Task 3: Standard normative doctrines 4 Task 4: Corporate misconduct 5 ReferencesBAE Systemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Case StudyTask 1: Laudable Decisions from BAE Systemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Case StudyThe decision by the Serious Fraud Office (herein referred to as SFO) to prosecute British Aerospace (herein referred to as BAE) should be applauded. This is given the fact that the decision will deter the big companies from exploiting poverty stricken communities that cannot afford to pay for their education and medical bills. This can apply to African countries such as Tanzania. The company (BAE) sold air traffic control systems to the Tanzanian government where the latter used money meant for social services such as education and health to pay for the systems (Burrows 2003). The Serious Fraud Office should present the evidence it has in court so that BAE can be prosecuted to avert this form of misconduct in the future.Supporting of premier elections by BAE and other business is not a crime. In the international scene, requires leaders who are aggressive and influential. Tony Blair was to become salesman of the BAE products. His premier positions would give him a platform to negotiate the needs of the firms effectively.The anti-Bribery Bills would do well in safeguarding the corporate conducts of a given firm. In this case BAE will adhere to ethical conducts but if found deviating to the conducts for example offering, promising or accepting bribes, the suggested penalties like maximum of 10-year jail sentence will be initiated. Also, the suggested law was to attract unlimited penalties to firms that exhibit corporate misconduct (Coates 2010).Culpable DecisionThe SFO decision to drop investigations on the Al-Yammah is intolerable. The UK government in this case feels that it will compromise its relationship with Saudi Arabian if it continues to investigate into allegations. The implications here is that UK want to safeguard its market grounds maintaining good relationship with its buyers. It does not look on those who are hurt but only making their interest safe.BAE is willing to pay fine to the affected countries but not accepting the fact that has breached the corporate misconduct. This will yield no fruits in curbing such vice in the sense that the BAE will be avoiding the blame. For example it only pays the Tanzanian government as ex-gratia and not as penalties (Coates 2010). A director of forensic accounting Mr. Gavin Cunningham puts into perspective that there was no criminal penalty but is civil arrangement.It is culpable for the British government to use its power and authority to coerce other nations to adopt its policies. This is another form of bribery and corruption. The largest arms manufacturer in Britain is guilty of corruption in the sense that it is using millions of pounds to obtain contracts from other countries including those from the third world. BAE has admitted that it is guilty of the corruption charges leveled against the company though does not fully point out to be responsible (Burrows 2003).The BAE is using corruptible ways to win contracts. Using middlemen advisors to seal deals is inappropriate idea. They use offshore companies to carryout illegal practices is a breach of corporate misconduct. This is a way of making themselves clean and claim they are not aware what is going on offshore.Task 2: Standard Ways of Placing BlameConcessionAppointment of Lord Woolf to oversee on the BAE matters is not effective. In this case blame arises on the fact he is only recommending on the future conduct of BAE and not the past. It is true to say that BAE is indeed hiding something that is questionable. The effectiveness of the recommendations should be based on the evaluation of the past misconducts. Mr. Oliver suggests that Woolf n eeds to look in the past as well.A concession is seen also when the Tanzanian MP say that they did not need the radar for air traffic control. It is a poor country to afford the facility. They agree that they been taken advantage of their situation by hijacking the funds meant for their welfare (Pinningtone 2002).JustificationIt is important to make the individual feel that he is indeed wrong by providing suggestions on how to operate in the future to avert such cases. It is important to note that the company has been blamed for avoiding the problem. This is given the fact that administrators delegate tasks that are likely to create controversy while at the same time performing activities that will earn them credit. It is noted that the administrators have the ability to place the blame on another person or another party even when it is obvious that the blame lies squarely on them. They do this by putting into motion complex strategies that shift the blame to another person or make it disappear altogether. A defensive mode is evident when holders of certain offices are moved from one office to the other.Refusal and ExcuseThe BAE has been to retaliate after discovering that they have been exposed to the public and the authorities have discovered their unlawful conducts (Duska 2007). They excuse themselves by inventing strategies to cover up their evil deeds. For example, the CEO of BAE supported Tony Blairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s premier campaigns. This was a strategy to ensure that those in power will suppress attempts by other parties to scuttle their plans of selling arms to other countries. Also to note is that Mike Turner refuses completely that they have done nothing wrong (Schaler 2008). He states that they are complying with SFO request and they feel that their dignity and reputations is affected.Constructive reprimanding is the best way to place blame on another individual or a country for that matter. In this case, one should not use strong words on those in powe r since it can boomerang on the one placing the blame. This may harm the individual placing the blame and the society at large. For example SFO withdraws from investigating in the Al-Yammah for security matters. BAE is involved in the manufacturing of dangerous weapons that are dangerous to humanity. Mishandling such blame can make the company adopt uncontrollable measures to safeguard their business interests. Instead, one should positively inform the company about the dangers posed their business activities. The Saudi Arabia states that if not cleared, it will not corporate on counter terroristà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s activities (Greenfield 2006).Task 3: Standard Normative DoctrinesBusiness ethics have both normative and descriptive dimensions. In the corporate world, it is the normative dimension that is usually applied. Individuals conducting business for the first time will usually use the descriptive dimension. Business ethicality is normally exhibited when the company is increasing profi ts in non-business areas. This is evident today under the ethics, codes and responsibility charter. Norms are criteria with practical significance which are capable of influencing an action. This is as opposed to norms as an abstract concept. Normative scenarios include assertions of certain passive statements. In this case, the normative cases comprise of commands, permissions as well as prohibitions. The concept of abstraction as far as normative is concerned involves sincerity, justification and honesty (Hansmann Kraakman 2000).Norm is mostly defined by orders and permission. In this form of abstraction, the world is not always portrayed as it is. On the contrary, the world is portrayed as it should appear. Declarative and imperative phrases are usually used to describe norms. As far as law is concerned, declarative phrases are more appropriate. It is also important to note that an expressed norm is dependent on phrase assertion. For example, descriptive norms can as well be use d as the definition of a norm (Huevel et al. 2009).Deontological NormsIt is important to discuss deontic norms. This is the same as permissions and obligations. These are norms postulating the duties that should be embraced. Such norms also form symbols such as national symbols used in a country. These are symbols such as the flags and the national anthem. The national symbols can be used to form political affiliations with other nations around the world. It is also noted that regions can be formed inside a nation which is being governed by administrative principles (Cory 2004). The norm will become irrelevant if such consequences are omitted. For example BAE becomes ethical incorrect if it violets the corporate conducts. Bribing to acquire contract is unlawful. Denying citizen social services so as to deliver weapons is an insulting the dignity of the Tanzanians. Tolerance of corruption and bribing by the corporate is unethical. All those involved in the arms trade have tolerated c orruption either by bribing or being bribed. All of these attributes can be conceptualized under the auspices of competence (Richard 2005).Consequentialist DoctrinesThese doctrines hold that improper course of action will cause untold consequences. They include happiness as well as harm to the individual. To achieves this, proper actions are improvised to increase good conditions for working. It is the moral worth of actions. For best conditions to be achieved, utilitarian principles dominate as opposed to being abused. The BAE Company abuses this principle and the happiness of the existing clients is affected. The SFO comes in to investigate BAE and other organizations to restore utilitarian principle. This principle is divided into two categories; act and rule. Act determines consequences when choosing a particular option whereby the pleasurable option is preferred. Rule al...

Essay sample dedicated to black holes

During the past several decades, major scientific discoveries in astronomy and astrophysics were made that changed the way people perceive space and universe. Many space objects and phenomena were discovered including exoplanets, extrasolar planets, gravitational waves, and so on (Hill, 2010). Moreover, scientists have been interested in collecting information about black holes – mysterious and dangerous space objects possessing massive gravitational attraction. The main characteristic of this extraordinary object is that it possesses a huge amount of mass concentrated in an extremely small area. Due to this unique feature, a black hole can devour all objects near it including light, which is why people cannot see them without special telescopes (Anderson, 2015). In this essay, I intend to describe these amazing space objects in detail by focusing on their types, structure, and processes occurring inside them. Research on Black Holes The first questions I will answer in this essay are â€Å"When were black holes first theorized?† and â€Å"Who discovered black holes?† Interestingly, although only advanced equipment allows finding a black hole in the immense outer space, the first theories about this object were made back in the 18th century. Amateur astronomer John Mitchell used Newton’s research on gravity and suggested that there should be incredibly dense celestial objects that are able to escape velocity equals (Waxman, 2017). Although his suggestions were later supported by the French scholar Pierre Laplace, the scientific community did not take them seriously because no one could even imagine that such an extraordinary thing can exist in the universe (Rau, 2015). Even genius Albert Einstein doubted whether black holes actually existed and argued that they were no more than a figment of the imagination of enthusiastic mathematicians and astronomers. With the advancement of technologies, researchers managed to collect much evidence proving that John Mitchell was right – black holes exist, and they are as real any other celestial object. Although it is impossible to take a picture of a black hole to prove its existence, researchers can learn where exactly it is located by exploring how it affects the nearby environment. More specifically, scholars have explored how black holes devour light, dust, and astronomical objects, as well as how they interact with galaxies (Rau, 2015). These objects are surrounded by the discs of material that spin around them so fast that they emit X-rays, which can be easily detected by telescopes (Anderson, 2015). As the technology develops further, we can learn more about these magnificent objects, so one may suggest that the most groundbreaking discoveries are coming soon. Black Holes: Description and Black Holes Facts At this point, I would like to explore black holes in detail to learn how black holes are formed, what is inside a black hole and how these objects differ from each other. Researchers explain that when giant stars reach their final stage of development, they explode in the impressive phenomenon known as a supernova. As a result, these stars begin to collapse in upon themselves, creating the powerful gravitational pull (National Geographic, 2017). Notably, although black holes devour energy, the amount of matter they can pull inside cannot be larger than their own mass. When an object approaches a black hole, it needs to reach the point of no return, which is the point from which it cannot escape from the hole’s gravitation (National Geographic, 2017). Furthermore, researchers have been concerned with answering the question â€Å"How large can the volume of a black hole get?† Theoretically, one may assume that such an object can continuously devour matter and ultimately destroy the whole universe. However, it is practically impossible, so the largest black holes can only reach the mass ten billion times the mass of our Sun (Plait, 2016). â€Å"How do black holes grow?† is another question attracting scholars’ attention. Research and theoretical findings demonstrate that these celestial objects can grow over time by consuming energy. However, it would be wrong to claim that they are similar to large vacuum cleaners that suck everything around. In fact, researchers argue that if a black hole with the same mass as our Sun replaced it, it would not devour this planet, and all planets would continue to revolve around it as they did with the Sun (Waxman, 2017). It is also incorrect to think that black holes are immortal because scientists also proved that they can seize to exist over time (Siegel, 2014). So how do black holes evaporate? This question is difficult to answer in several sentences because evaporation is associated with complex physical and chemical processes that may complement each other and produce a powerful effect. Briefly speaking, although black holes indeed devour objects, they still emit some energy, which can gradually decrease black holes’ mass, thus leading to their gradual disappearance (Siegel, 2014). Moreover, one needs to note that it is still unknown what is inside a black hole because scientists can only imagine how such a unique fabric of spacetime can look like. Finally, one needs to describe the classification of black holes. There are three main types of black holes including stellar black holes, supermassive black holes, and miniature black holes, which differ depending on the star they evolved from, as well as their age. For example, miniature holes have evolved from stars much smaller than our Sun. These types of black holes affect their environment differently, but the principle of their existence is similar. To conclude, black holes are indeed extraordinary astronomical objects that have fascinated and frightened people from the day of their discovery. Scholars have managed to learn more about these celestial bodies, but there are surely many things we still do not know about them.

Correlation Between Mass Media And Digital Media Essay

Convergence is a term used by various disciplines to ‘describe and analyse processes of change toward uniformity or union’ (p. 1) as said by Latzer (2013). In relation to mass communication, media convergence incorporates insights and methods to describe, characterises and understanding of digital media (Latzer, 2013). Convergence adequately describes the relationship between mass media and digital media. Mass media refers to ability to communicate openly and internationally to many receivers within a limited amount of time. The latest digital forms have expanded speed, capacity, and transmission efficiently of mass media platforms (Mcquail, 2000). According to Jenkins (2006) convergence describes the technological, industrial, cultural and social changes in the ways media flows within our culture. This includes content circulation across multiple media platforms, cooperation between multiple media industries, search for new structure of old and new media financing, and the migratory behaviour of media audiences who can interact in multiple environments (Jenkins, 2006). Media convergence can be described as the phenomenon involving interconnection of information and communication technologies, computer networks, and media content. It is a direct consequence of media content digitisation and internet popularisation. It has transforms established industries and services enabling emergence of new forms of content. The long established media industry and content has beenShow MoreRelatedEssay on Mass Media on Violence1502 Words   |  7 PagesOur digital-minded world has brought about much change and advancement to our daily lives. There are better, newer video games, televisions, and gaming systems on the market each year. As is such, a concern has been raised within our society as to these games and programs becoming increasingly violent and whether this will lead to heightened violence and aggression by those exposed to such material. Others claim that society has been viewing violent images for decades without problems and thatRead MoreAnalysis of Article: â€Å"Influence of Mass Media on Body Image and Eating Disordered Attitudes and Behaviors in Females† by Jordi Fauquet, et al.747 Words   |  3 PagesMass media consists of a range of multimedia technologies that have enhanced our way of communication. The media conveys norms and attitudes that socially construct those who are involved. Inadvertently, the media depicts a widely accepted misconception of personal image. â€Å"Influence of Mass Media on Body Image and Eating Disordered Attitudes and Behaviors in Females† reveals the high correlation between media content and females’ idea of beauty. 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Personal Narrative Mistaken Identity - 1302 Words

Mistaken Identity I have always been quiet and lonely, I find peace in being this way. I live in a high spot tucked away from everyone. After all, the people I live with have no clue I am living up here. I have lived here for a very long time, my whole life I believe. I stay hidden when I think someone is coming. This morning I was woke up from being so cold. I decide to creep over to the dusty window. I try not to make any noise to make sure I do not give myself away by being heard. I peek out the window and I see that the ground is pure white. I have always longed to be able to stretch out my legs on the real ground, but I am stuck here. It seems impossible to try and escape from here, I am scared I will get caught. Suddenly I†¦show more content†¦There is food left on the counter and it has attracted some bugs. I quickly grab some food and eat it there. It is too much of a hassle to bring food all the way upstairs. Once I am finished I clean up my evidence and leave thi ngs the way I found them. This is another precaution I take so I am not caught. On the way upstairs I pass the tree again and stare at it for some time. I decide to leave what I call a treasure on the tree. My treasures are what I make in my free time, which I have a lot of. Once I am back upstairs I crawl back into my bed and fall back to sleep from a full belly. Early this morning I was awoke from approaching footsteps. â€Å"It’s nice to be finally doing this.† said the mother as she steps into the attic. â€Å"We might find some old treasures up here.† As he sorts through several boxes. â€Å" I wonder if they are talking about my treasures?† I think to myself. While the couple were busy sorting through boxes, I remained in my bed. I put my bed in a huge hole in the wall. I placed it there for days like this, when I am barged in on and there is no time for me to hide. â€Å"EWWW!† the mother cries as she jumps away from a dead roach. â€Å" We need to call Pete today.† She says to the father as they both begin to leave the attic. â€Å"Okay I’ll call him now.† Says the father as he reaches in his pocket for his phone. â€Å"He’ll get this place cleanedShow MoreRelatedThemes Of American Psycho910 Words   |  4 Pagesappearances with daily workouts and beautification routines. This film reflects the â€Å"yuppie† culture of America in the 1980s, more specifically, the materialism/consumerism and identity that are desired by man in order to fit in and be accepted by society. The themes of needing to consume, conform, and needing to know your identity still resonates with today’s society. 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Although Greenstadt provides significant personal research, she relies heavily on her own interpretations and thus her argument lacks etymological evidence of the words homonym-like qualities. Nonetheless, Greenstadts analysisRead MoreThe Most Promising Performing Artist Of Her Generation Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pagesrelay the human experience through her work. Often incorporating an eclectic range of elements in her pieces, her ultimate product usually tows the line between dance, theater, and performance art. A Brooklyn-based artist, she grounds her work in a personal â€Å"obsession with the problem of being ‘somebody’ in a world of other ‘somebodies.† This seemingly abstract concept is actually broken down, built up and then blown out of proportion through the work, thereby allowing participants to really contemplateRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1492 Words   |  6 PagesLiving in a nation like Latin America, Latin American experience this more often than not they must claim a mistaken identity that does not include American. In saying this many people that are from Latin America are cast out and seen as other by traditional American citizens in the world. However often this may happen, Latin Americans are indeed American. Dealing with this i dentity crisis, many turned to writing as an outlet. 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Many Christians have encountered this statement, which I thought this would be simplistic to address: 1. â€Å"Or some might protest that they just don’t know what is meant by God since this concept doesn’t remotely resemble anything we experience

Factors That Affect The World That Can Impact The Way A...

There are many different things in the world that can impact the way a person develops. One of the main developmental influences in a child’s or person’s life is their parent’s and a stable home. Unfortunately, in today’s society, many families are a result of divorce and it is progressively impacting the way people develop. From a researcher’s standpoint, the view of family has changed dramatically over the past few years and roughly half of today’s families have suffered from divorce (Abbey Dallos, 2004). When parents who have children together decide to separate they need to think of all the possible outcomes, one of them being how their children will react. Each individual copes with things differently. One child could lash out at†¦show more content†¦This can cause tension between siblings and lead to a poor relationship, especially if they chose different parents. Another factor that impacts a child’s development is the departure of one parent from the house. Some children will not get to see that parent for days, weeks, months, or even years, depending on their situation (Kelly, 2003). This can be devastating to a child that has a strong attachment to both parents or the parent that they no longer get to see on a daily basis. For younger children, the leaving of one parent may make them feel scared that the other parent will leave as well. This will cause the child to become increasingly clingy, wanting to sleep in the parents bed, and they will have increased anxiety (Dowling Gorell-Barnes, 1999). It is also a disruption in the child’s life when a parent finds a new partner and introduces them into their child’s life. Although the well-being of a child has improved in families that has step-parents versus families without a step-parent, getting used to having a step-parent is hard and a big change for children (Moxnes, 2003). Children worry about what their step-parent will be li ke, if they will like them, and if they will try to replace their biological parents. Step-parents are also an issue in children’s development because some believe that their parents pay more

Homosexuality Genetic Or A Choice - 1724 Words

Jessica Lamb Professor Daniel Levine PSYC 3320 May 9 2015 Homosexuality: Genetic or a Choice? It’s the year 2015 and the talk of homosexuality is still a controversial topic. Some people believe that being homosexual, or â€Å"gay†, is a choice and by being with someone of the same-sex you are committing a sin or doing something that is not viewed as â€Å"normal†. Although, now on television we are starting to see more and more homosexual couples and homosexual people on TV programs. Are people finally getting with the program and accepting that homosexuals deserve the same rights as heterosexuals? â€Å"How do adolescents become homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual? One of the perspectives is that this is not a choice we make, but rather something†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"That means that environment contributes at least as much as genes to the development of sexual orientation† (Shaffer, 277). Other studies that focused on the genetics of sexual orientation included an early study that was done by advertising in gay or lesbian public ations for homosexual people with twins (Kalat, 347). Where they then contacted the other twin to fill out a questionnaire that included diverse items that concealed the fact that the real interest was sexual orientation (Kalat, 347). The results of this study showed a stronger concordance for monozygotic twins than dizygotic twins (Kalat, 347). That concluded, â€Å"if one twin is homosexual, the probability for the other twin to also be homosexual is fairly high for a monozygotic twin, and less high for the dizygotic twin† (Kalat, 347). A later study examined the data from all the twins in Sweden between the ages 20 and 47; this study not only differed in the breadth of the sample but also differed in the behavioral criterion (Kalat, 347). The researchers of this study asked whether someone had ever had a same-sex partner instead of asking about their sexual orientation (Kalat, 347). The figure 11.13 above compares the data they conducted from the two studies (Kalat, 337-348). These results indicate concordance, not the total number of people with a homosexual orientation or about homosexual activity (Kalat, 347). Also, â€Å"several studies reported a higher

Midwife Practice Knowledge and Skills

Question: Discuss about theMidwife Practicefor Knowledge and Skills. Answer: Introduction The midwifery skills require appropriate knowledge and skills to maintain the patients quality of life. This assignment is related to demonstrate the incident and personal experience related to the incident. There comes many occasions when midwives have to go through ethical and moral problems as well as have to recognize the importance of the role of the midwife. This reflective essay is based on the case study of a patient named as X. She is a 28 years old women with gravida para 1. Leaking liquor was noticed in her urine. The patient starts to feel increased leaking sensations and contraction pain. Once the fetal head was delivered it got recoiled in the perineum and turtle necking occur. This kind of situation is very difficult for the healthcare professional, and if the baby is not delivered within 5 minutes then chances of brain damage in child increases. Such difficult situations challenge the role of midwives and can also prepare them to for future challenges. Through this re flective essay I will attempt to evaluate the experience as a midwives student and how such experience can be helpful for future practice. Description of Care The patient X involved in this case is a 28 years old pregnant woman, who has been experiencing liquor leaking and pain. During the acute pain and delivery process, the head of the baby recoils against the perineum of mother. The turtle sign is identified, when the head of the baby suddenly retracts back, while it was emerging through vagina. This means that the cheeks of the baby bulges out, which resembles to the turtle pulling its head back into its shell. However, the delivery of the baby was done through McRoberts maneuver. This time is very difficult for the healthcare professionals and mainly for the midwife, who is committed to provide personal support and assistance to the women before and during delivery (Adams, 2015). Delivery of the baby is not easy and professionals as well as the mother have to face many challenges during the process of delivery (Aune, Amundsen, Aas, 2014). In the given case study turtle necking occur, which calls for the immediate professional care and quality interventions otherwise the life of the baby be in danger. The major danger is to face shoulder dystocia during turtle necking. This is the situation, where shoulder of the baby stuck in the pelvis or symphysis pubis (the pubic bone)of mother. Understanding the variations of shoulder dystocia is very important for the midwives. Acknowledgment of Feelings and Thoughts The role of midwife is to work in coordination with other professionals. During this case in Patient Xs situation, I felt very terrified, as the life of baby is very important. I concentrated on the skills and knowledge that I gained from my midwifery degree. This knowledge encourages midwives to consider patient safety and understand the variations and types of shoulder dystocia. The learning resources for midwives help to focus on the problems and how to solve them. I believe that role of midwife is to save the life by taking accurate action for problem solving. During the delivery of baby I felt terrified on the first place, it is because the life of baby was in danger and any delay in the appropriate intervention can result in severe brain and physical injuries in child. However, women are amazing and they are capable of delivering their babies with difficult challenges as well. Thus, later I felt that I am very lucky that I got a chance to take part in such delivery and all my fear was gone when I concentrated on knowledge I have gained, which says that there are many bizarre birth positions, delivery situations and movements, but still instinctive pelvic movementscan result in riskless deliveries. Baby need some time to come in comfortable position and appropriate knowledge and skills of the midwives can reduce the risk (Code of ethics for midwives in Australia, 2008). Thus, I felt happy to participate in this challenging delivery. Shoulder dystocia is a very unpredictable situation and healthcare professionals have to be prepared for such unpredictable situations. The role of professional communication and working in coordination is also important. This delivery experience helped me to enhance my nursing skills and supporting patients. Evaluation of Care Midwife is the person, who is recognized as being accountable and responsible professionals, who works in partnership with other women, who require care, support and advice during their period of pregnancy, labour, delivery, conducting birth of babies, postpartum period, and offering appropriate care to the new born. The role of midwife is to apply preventive measures and promote the birth of baby through normal delivery, detecting any kind of complications if appear, accessing appropriate assistance from other healthcare professionals and carrying emergency measures. The incident that took place was very challenging or me. My duty was to identify the problem and inform the professionals to seek their assistance. As, the turtle necking occurred, it was important to understand that such problem has occurred and require appropriate measure. It is appropriate to monitor each and every change in the condition of woman and baby. As the babys head appeared with puffed cheeks, it was obvious that turtle necking has occurred, which can result in shoulder dystocia (Politi et al, 2010). This case was beneficial to display the importance of team work and leadership. By seeing the problem, the whole team was activated and all the nursing professionals displayed good communication and effective team work. Thus, it was beneficial to take part in such case and enhance the skills and knowledge for future practice. However, this experience could have been detrimental, if I would have not focused on the patients and childs safety. But, good and effective team work was a very beneficial factor in resolving the problem of Shoulder dystocia. Analysis Shoulder dystocia can be a very serious and significant cause of neonatal and maternal injury. This kind of situation is characterized as a severe obstetrical emergency that complicates between 0.2% and 4.0% of vaginal births in the United States (Robins, 2012). Shoulder dystocia is the problem that occurs, when shoulder of the baby is failed to be delivered spontaneously. And from this situation I learnt that role of midwife is very important and additional maneuvers by the midwives in order to facilitate safe delivery for the child. The main risk associated with this kind of delivery is of substantial neonatal injuries and morbidities. This kind of problem requires working effectively and in coordination with team. According to Smith et al, (2013), there is limited research available on the topic about the factors that make women vulnerable to the risk of such delivery, and mainly such incidents occur in women, who do not display any signs of such problem. Thus, such cases are very beneficial for getting practical knowledge. The delivery done in this case was through McRoberts maneuver. It is important for the safe birth. Before that I learnt that it is important to give significant time to the child to adjust the shoulder (Simic, 2014). Sometime within five minutes child can take the necessary position and can come out easily, but if in five minutes it does not come in normal position then necessary professional assistance is required. I learnt that in such cases midwives should take immediate action. Not to make the bad situation worse, it is important to remember that babys shoulder should not be pulled. It is because pulling is the most common mistake that midwives do because they panic. Also continuous communication with the patient is very important. I learnt that continuous communication with the patient may reduce their stress and provide the support during difficult time. Action Plan According to Robins (2012) Midwives and physicians are entrusted as gatekeepers for the safety and wellbeing of the mother and infant during the birth process. When there are any kind of adverse outcomes of mortality or morbidity in the patient or the fetus, such situation can be very distressing for the healthcare professionals as well (Schneider, Whitehead, 2013). Thus, taking appropriate care and applying the knowledge and skills in the correct way are important to fulfill the duty of care (Borrelli, 2014). Midwives also have the role of educating people and counseling them (Code of professional conduct for midwives in Australia, 2008), thus I learn that communication with patient, as well as inter-professional communication is necessary for working in accordance to provide quality care and support (Yznaga, 2013). For the future action plan I would concentrate on patient and childs safety. I would concentrate on changing condition of patient, with regular communication and monitoring condition (Thelin, Lundgren, Hermansson, 2014). According the Code of professional conduct for the Midwives in Australia (2008), Midwives focus on a womans health needs, her expectations and aspirations, supporting the informed decision making of each woman. Thus, my focus will also on the health and safety of patient and will consider her expectation and dignity while practicing. Conclusion The role of midwife is very important in nursing and healthcare practice. This role is mainly dedicated to the pregnant mother, postpartum care and fetus safety. This role also includes attaining unsurpassed skills and experience. The case presented in this reflective essay helped me to gain great experience regarding complex deliveries. I learnt to appropriately demonstrate the duties of the midwife and gained experience and knowledge for future practices. I discussed the points that were beneficial to be learnt through this case and how complications can occur due to ignorance or getting panic. I would be able to practice in safe and competent manner in future. References Adams, M. C. (2015). A documentation standard for the maternal and child health nurse inVictoria. Aune, I., Amundsen, H. H., Aas, L. C. S. (2014). Is a midwife's continuous presence during childbirth a matter of course? Midwives' experiences and thoughts about factors that may influence their continuous support of women during labour.Midwifery,30(1), 89-95. Borrelli, S. E. (2014). What is a good midwife? Insights from the literature.Midwifery,30(1), 3-10. Code of professional conduct for midwives in Australia. (2008). Nursing and Midwifery Boardof Australia. Retrieved From: file:///C:/Users/Master/Downloads/Nursing-and-Midwifery-Board---Codes-and-Guidelines---Code-of-professional-conduct-for-midwives---August-2008.PDF Code of ethics for midwives in Australia. (2008). Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. Retrieved From: file:///C:/Users/Master/Downloads/Nursing-and-Midwifery-Board---Codes-and-Guidelines---Code-of-ethics-for-midwives---August-2008.PDF Politi, S., D?Emidio, L., Cignini, P., Giorlandino, M., Giorlandino, C. (2010). Shoulder dystocia: an Evidence-Based approach.Journal of prenatal medicine,4(3), 35. Robins, K. (2012). Psychological trauma of nurse-midwives following shoulder dystociacomplicated by neonatal morbidity or mortality. Schneider, Z., Whitehead, D. (2013).Nursing and midwifery research: methods and appraisalfor evidence-based practice. Elsevier Australia. Smith, L. A., Price, N., Simonite, V., Burns, E. E. (2013). Incidence of and risk factors forperineal trauma: a prospective observational study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth,13(1), 1. Simic, L. (2014). Birth Story.Performance Research,19(4), 24-30. Thelin, I. L., Lundgren, I., Hermansson, E. (2014). Midwives' lived experience of caringduring childbirtha phenomenological study.Sexual Reproductive Healthcare,5(3), 113-118. Yznaga, E. (2013). Interprofessional Roles Shoulder Dystocia: Maximizing Safety in Community Hospitals.

Billy Elliot Nationalism and Class Structure Essay Example For Students

Billy Elliot Nationalism and Class Structure Essay The year is 1984. Eleven-year-old Billy lives in a poor and white-dominated working class society in the northeastern part of England. He lives together with his father Jack, older brother Tony and his senile grandmother. It is miners strike and the father having major issues supporting the family. Despite that he pays for Billys boxing class. The local ballet class shares the same facilities as the boxing group and one day Billy becomes curious. The ballet teacher challenge Billy to take part of the class and she discovers his talent. Billy avoid telling his father about the ballet class because it will make him upset. It is a movie about a young persons courage to question the rules of society and the bravery to stand out. Billy is born into a working class family where the men since generations been working in the miners. The work as miners has always been a natural part of their macho identity. This identity threatening when major parts of cole mines all over Britain needs to shut down. The society they live in is a man-dominated and the womens is almost non-existed. The ballet class is allowed to use one corner of the boxing studio, like an parenthesis. Britains conservative thought shines through the movie characters standpoints and the way of living. Comments like only gays dance ? give examples of how the conservative thinking characterize contemporary Britain. The author of Contemporary Britain describe Britain as a white-dominated society where the citizen lives close to their neighbors cause of the high level of inhabitants. McCormick, 2007: 48) The movie reflects what McCormick describes well. Views from Billys hometown are showed in the movie several times. We may behold densely build-up homes where the families live close to each other. Billy Elliot is a fictitious story that partly been inspired by real stories and persons. The scriptwriter Lee Hall has used some of his own experiences and memories from his growth in Newcastle during the miners strike in the 80th. The fact that he got inspired from his own experiences gives the story a fair impression. The director Stephen Daldry has succeeded to highlight the contrast of the miners reality and how Billy defies the old fashioned Englands gender perspective in order to pursue his dream. It was once typical for people to be born, to live, to work and to die in the same city, town or village, witch would likely have been where their parents and grandparents before them had lived. ? (McCormick, 2007: 51) The poor working class society as the movie portrait reflects the picture I get of Britain in Contemporary Britain. In the scene where Billy and his father are on their way to the audition at The Royal Ballet school, the father tells Billy he has never traveled farther than to the next village. When Billy asks why he has never been to London, the father replies Well, there is no mines in London. ? He is born into the working societys suburbans, where he shall live and die. Contemporary Britain describes how Britain these days has a complex society system where it is hard to generalize the classes. (McCormick, 2007: 64) On the other hand I believe the movie expresses the differences between classes in society. Mrs. Wilkinson works as a dance teacher in Everington and becomes Billys teacher. She represents the British middle class during that period of time. She lives in a more respectable part of town with her family, while the Elliots lives in a working class neighborhood. It is easy to tell the differences between the two classes. I can tell from their different environments but also from their different conditions in life like for example the economical opportunities. Billy is born into a mine working family and is expected to follow the family tradition. .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5 , .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5 .postImageUrl , .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5 , .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5:hover , .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5:visited , .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5:active { border:0!important; } .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5:active , .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5 .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9e6d676481a5983e9602ef38f9421cc5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Blaxploitation EssayMr. s Wilkinson has on the other hand more opportunities in her life. She smokes, drives her own car and decides her own life â€Å" even though it is not accepted by the society at the time. At this time of period the womens are expected to take care of their duties in the kitchen and nothing else. Mrs. Wilkinson seems to be aware of the differences between her and Billy when speaking of classes, but probably not aware of the limitations that comes with being born into a lower class then herself. The differences between the two are a major theme throughout the entire movie and reflect how life was in England during this time of period. Billy and Mrs. Wilkinsons different classes bring different conditions in their lives. Billy is born into a role hard to change, while Mrs. Wilkinson has the opportunity to decide for herself. The director manages to picture the reality in a convincing way and their both lifestyles are highlighted. Billy Elliot and Contemporary Britain portraits the former Britain in equal way, as well the environment as the conservative society. Bibliography: Billy Elliot movie

Universal Themes Essay Example

Universal Themes Paper Make a Copy Common themes All of life is connected Each life, no matter how small, matters Life is too brief Youth (innocence) and beauty do not last We dont appreciate what we have until it is gone Pride can blind us to the truth Small acts of kindness and/or generosity can have a tremendous effect Courage can reward those who push themselves Sometimes we learn too late what we need to know Social status, beauty, wealth, etc. Do not matter We learn through trial, hardship, or pain those lessons most valuable The individual is sometimes in conflict with society Individuals are often alienated and alone Agglomerations is a fierce inner force, but is often thwarted or delayed by o outside forces Fantasy is sometimes more real than everyday reality Mortality is inevitable Human beings are sometimes too weak or too blind to do what is right We often want what others have or we often want what we cannot have Fear, jealousy, and greed are destructive emotions People of all cultures and of all times are more alike than they are different Nature does not care about people Each of us is alone, often feeling small or frightened in the world Evil exists in the heart of men (and women) We will write a custom essay sample on Universal Themes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Universal Themes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Universal Themes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Power can be a compelling force Activity One: Now write a universal theme statement for these thematic sues actions What is truth? What is beauty? What is real? What is justice? What is honor? What is love? What does it mean to live a good life? What does it mean to be a hero? What does it mean to have courage? What does it mean to be a friend? Activity Two: From your blobs identify which of the themes above or below match your topic. Then, determine at least one rhetorical strategy used, and then, defend, shall Eng or qualify it. In other words, why is it important? Summarize your blob or article. Match to a theme State the rhetorical strategy Defend, challenge or qualify it More themes Value of technology in education Slavery Function of humor and humorists in society Daylight Savings Time Midwestern values Effects of a consumer culture Individual and conformity free speech effect of television on society environmental issues effect of adversity on ones character value of penny coins scientific research methods corporate advertising/sponsorship in schools national school curriculum intellectualisms effect of dissent in America Effect of advertising on society emigration ethics of rewarding charitable acts in school what museum artifacts represent value of muckrakers/whistle blowers rascals how fads reflect American values effect of money in society value/effect of personal opinion/commentary in society compulsory voting effect of reading on independent thought consumerism and advertising poverty the Mississippi River value of trial and error thinking cultural differences comm on sense and personal values protecting the environment morality cultural norms effect of entertainment on society admiration of birds in flight plagiarism in school effects of Civil War from Lincoln point of view childhood memories abuse of power appreciation for natural world/beauty man versus machine/technology selfsameness limitations of viewing the world through photographic images Activity three: Put these themes in a two column table and write the theme in the first column and an idea of your own original thought about the topic in the second. Value of Technology in Education Technology in education helps students keep up with the latest technology and prepare them for the work place. It also allows students to explore a topic deeply.

Why Students Should Use the MLA Sample Word Essay?

Why Students Should Use the MLA Sample Word Essay?MLA sample is an essay which the graduate has to write. The essay is basically a standardized sample which students have to pass for the training and thesis. It is intended to be short, concise and appealing in nature. The essay is an answer to the question of what is the reason behind the student's studies.MLA sample has to be written in a clear manner. The student has to be able to write essays and express his opinion about the topic within a few paragraphs. This is required because it is an essay which can influence the judge's decision regarding the student's education. The students are expected to write well and to submit the same within six months.Students are advised to get the help of the MLA sample writing services. Some of the essay services are available online. Most of the student to ask for the services of the SEO as the quality of writing is better. Students are guided on how to use grammar, punctuation and general langu age, when they are writing in the MLA sample.It will help the students to outline the topic and present the major ideas about it. They should also add the development of the thought and write a brief review. All these functions are necessary to be included in the sample. Students should be able to analyze what the student is going to write about in the sample and tell them about the format which they should use for their article.The content of the sample is a good indication of what the graduate has to write about. The sample should be simple enough to read easily and the student should not change the rules. The focus should be on the basic requirements of the student. The professor will check it over a short period and will evaluate it based on its format.Students should also be reminded about the structure of the MLA sample. They should never reword the sentence that has been already written in the sample. The student should avoid using extra words. The sentences should be concise and no more than three lines per paragraph. Any extra line should be written by the student to provide space for himself.The student has to choose the topic of the MLA sample and write an essay which is connected with the topic. The dissertation or thesis needs to be in order and the writing must be clean and to the point. The quality of the writing is evaluated by the professor.

Bilingual children Essays

Bilingual children Essays Bilingual children Essay Bilingual children Essay Results of the study will help educators find the best way to teach mathematics in which bilingual children will be able to understand and apply outside the classroom. In general, results of the study will help in finding the best way to teach children who are limited English proficient in such a way that these children can understand and apply the lessons with other activities. Moreover, the study will help teachers train their students with confidence. In Chapter 2, a review of literature is provided. In this chapter, the definition of bilingualism is discussed. Researches undertaken on bilingual children’s cognitive development are provided. Then bilingual education is defined according to literature. Historical background on the evolution of bilingual education (1800s-1900s) is also provided. The author also discusses emotional, linguistic and academic issues bilingual education is concerned with. Mathematics education is also discussed in this chapter. Theories applied in mathematics teaching are discussed. Problem solving is given importance in the discussion on mathematics education. Cognitive background information on addition, subtraction multiplication and division is also given which provides as basis for the word problems given to the participants of the study. Finally, in this chapter, researches done involving mathematics and bilingualism are provided. Chapter 3 provides the theoretical framework used in the study. The first part discusses Pask’s Conversation Theory and the second part discussed Landa’s Algo-Heuristic Theory. Chapter 4 provides the methodology used for obtaining the results needed. This section explains the research design the study used. Sample, sample setting, procedure and data collection and analysis are discussed. The sample and sample setting for the study is discussed in the first part. In the second part, the author explained the procedures done from the pre-assessment stage to the classroom setting to the final assessment stage. The third part discussed how the data was collected and analyzed. In Chapter 5, results obtained from the experiment are discussed. The students’ scores obtained in the pre-assessment, addition and subtraction, multiplication and division, and final assessment examinations are shown in the first part. In the second part, results from the interview are discussed. Finally, Chapter 6 concludes the paper. The first part summarized the main findings discussed in Chapter 5. The second part gives recommendations for the teachers on how to teach mathematics for understanding to bilingual students. The third part provides limitations for the study as well as recommendations for future researches that can be carried on from this study. Bilingualism has no clear-cut definition yet but Shenker (no date) provided a definition in terms of young children. According to Shenker (no date), bilingual children are â€Å"are those†¦ who speak/have been spoken to in two (or more) languages in the home since birth and who are spoken to in only one or both of those two languages at school. † (Shenker, no date). These children may also be spoken in one language at home but acquired (or is exposed to) a second-language when they start attending school. Bilingual children were perceived to have less advantageous situations than monolingual children. This perception was radically changed in 1962 by Peal and Lambert. Peal and Lambert (1962) conducted a research regarding the premise that bilingualism causes retardation. Their study reached the conclusion that experiences from two cultures provide bilingual children with greater benefits than that experienced by monolinguals such as increased mental dexterity and superior ability to think abstractly (Peal Lambert, 1962). Other researches prove that bilingual children have superior performances than their monolingual counterparts. Researches show an association between bilingualism and greater cognitive flexibility and awareness of language (Cummins Culutsan, 1974; Diaz, 1983; Hakuta Diaz, 1984). Moreover, bilingual children were proven to have more effective controlled processes. Although their study was conducted among adults only, they generally concluded â€Å"that controlled processing is carried out more effectively by bilinguals and that bilingualism helps to offset age-related losses in certain executive processes† (Bialystok, Klein, Craik, Viswanathan, 2004).

Employment-At-Will Doctrine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employment-At-Will Doctrine - Essay Example For instance, under the doctrine the employer can terminate additional work benefits, reduce employee’s vocational time or even, revise the salary agreements (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2013). Scenario 1: John’s actions damage the company’s image and thus, they are not admissible to ignorance. John did not consider the effects of his actions and thus, it is legally right for the company fire him. According to the employment-at-will doctrine, the employer can just fire the employee without notice and thus, firing John without notifying him will not bring any legal liability on the company. The ethical theory that best supports my decision is consequentialism. Scenario 2: In this scenario, I would not fire Jim. This is because; the employment-at-will doctrine has an exception referred to as retaliation, which states that if employees engage in activities such as claiming minimum wage or overtime compensation, then the doctrine shall not hold (Nation al Conference of State Legislatures, 2013).Therefore, to limit the liability in this case, I would listen to the claims of the salespersons and changing the commission consider changing the schedules. Scenario 3: Ellen should be fired. This will not impose any legal liability on the company since; she cannot claim the retaliation exception (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2013). The company could even decide to sue her based on libel and slander. However, to reduce the costs incurred, I would just fire her. My decision in this case is supported by the virtue ethics (Graham, 2004). Ellen has no virtues if she can act so maliciously to get her things done. Scenario 4: I would not fire Bill since there are no legal grounds to fire him. This is because; he has not committed any conflict of interest by using the phone. As long as using the phone in his business does not jeopardize its use in the company, and then the company cannot terminate his employment. Scenario 5: Install ing key logger software in the company computers is a way of protecting the company’s business and it is beneficial to both the employees and the company. Therefore, protesting such an important issue would only imply that the secretaries have hidden motives, which would be jeopardized by the installed software. I would fire these secretaries since; considering their protest would put company’s data at risk. In addition, the secretaries are not following ethics of principle, which states that principles are just a matter of reasoning and logic. To reduce the liability suffered in this case, I would ensure that I employ other secretaries with immediate effect. Scenario 6: I would fire Joe since it is legally permissible to do so. The employee has committed acts that harm the company’s operations. The company has the right to sue him without notifying him since; it has legal reasons and thus, no liability would arise from dismissal of the employer. In addition, Jo e has no grounds to sue the company since; although his privacy was invaded, it was concerning the company. My decision in this case is supported by ethics of cognitive moral development, which assert that as an individual grows he or she should be able to use critical thinking tactics to solve problems (Graham, 2004). Critically in this case, Joe definitely would not have used a company’

Obtain a copy of the annual report for Intercontinental Hotel Group Coursework

Obtain a copy of the annual report for Intercontinental Hotel Group PLC for the year ended 31 December 2011 - Coursework Example Financial performance and position of the Group â€Å"The big picture is 9 hotel brands, over 153 million guests annually, more than 672,000 rooms in over 4,500 hotels in nearly 100 countries and territories around the world† (IHG website, 2012), The nine renowned brands being Intercontinental Hotels & Resorts, Crowne Plaza Hotels & Resorts, Hotel Indigo, Holiday Inn Hotels & Resorts, Holiday Inn Express, Staybridge Suites, Candlewood Suites, EVEN Hotels, Hualuxe Hotels and Resorts. Performance of the Brands The performance of all the brands during 2011 compared to the previous year has improved (Exhibit – I). Total gross revenue has increased by 8% to 20.2 bn in 2011 compared to $18.7 bn in 2010 for the group as a whole. Exhibit - I $ in bn. However, the performance in terms of cost and profitability in respect of the brands could not be worked for comparison due to inadequacy of details furnished in this respect. Performance can be analyzed with reference to classific ation of the business into Franchised, Managed and Owned & Leased. 12 months ended 31 December in $m 2011 2010 % Change Revenue Franchised 502 465 8.0 Managed 124 119 4.2 Owned and leased 204 223 (8.5) Total 830 807 2.9 Operating profit before exceptional items Franchised 431 392 9.9 Managed 52 21 147.6 Owned and leased 17 13 30.8 500 4 26 17.4 Regional overheads (49) (57) 14.0 Total Operating Profit 451 369 22.2 It could be observed that operating profits vary considerably due to incidence of expenses and overheads at varying levels. For example, in franchised revenue is up by 8% and operating profit is up by 9.9%, where as in managed hotels it is 4.2% and 147.6% and owned & leased hotels (-) 8.5% and 30% respectively . Key Performance Indicators The key performance indicators measure the group’s progress in the business. The KPIs over the past three years and their growth have been good. Year 2009 2010 2011 Net Rooms Supply 632325 0647161 658348 Gross Revenue ($ bn) 16.8 18 .7 20.2 CSR (Green engage hotels) 911 1122 1722 2011 2010 Earnings per share (EPS) 1.30 0.98 Revenue per available room: Revenue per available room is up by 6.2%. (Annual Report, p. 2) The Group’s reportable segments segmental information The reportable segments in the business have been classified based on the geographical locations of the hotels. There are five segments viz. Americas, Europe, AMEA (Asia Middle East and Africa) and Greater China and the central segment. Operating profit has increased in all the geographical segments. Since the central segment carries the burden of general support services provided by it to all the segments, the figures are not comparable. RevPAR growth in the Americas at 7.5% and Europe at 4.7% respectively has contributed significantly for the overall performance of the business. It is important to note that gross revenue includes revenue related to Franchised, Managed and Owned & Leased. 2011 2010 % Change % Change in revenue Operating Pro fit Americas 451 369 2.2 2.9 Europe 104 78 33.3 2.4 AMEA 84 82 2.4 1.4 Greater China 67 54 24.1 15.2 Central (147) (139) (5.8) 7.7 Operating Profit Before Exceptional Items 559 444 25.9 8.6 It could be observed that as in the case of franchised, managed and owned and leased classification of the business, % change in operating profit is inconsistent with the % change in revenue due to incidence of expenses and overheads in different reportable segments at varying levels. Impact of exceptional items on profitability The operating profit

The theatre works of Orson Welles Essay Example for Free

The theatre works of Orson Welles Essay George Orson Welles became known as an American actor who is also into radio, motion picture and theatrical producer. He was born Kenosha, Wisconsin on May 6, 1915. He finished his high school in Woodstock, Illinois and began his acting career with the Gate Theatre in Dublin, Ireland, in 1931. Two years later he toured the United States with Katherine Cornell and in 1937 founded the Mercury Theatre, the same year producing actors in modern-dressed version of Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar. Among his other stage production were Christopher Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus (1937) in which he played the title role and Thomas Dekker’s â€Å"The Shoemaker’s Holiday†. Welles made Mercury text recording of Shakespeare’s plays, at the same time producing radio broadcasts. The War of the Worlds, broadcast in 1938, a fictionalized narrative of the invasion of earth by creatures from other planets, is said to have created panic in the New York Metropolitan area because of its realism, although there has been some misgivings recently on the account of write-ups that there was real panic leading people to vacate the area. In 1940, Welles began his motion picture career as producer, writer, director, and actor. His most notable motion picture, which has received current acclaim as the Hollywood’s most important work to have produced, was Welles’s Citizen Kane, released in 1941. Other more prominent works includes The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), Journey into Fear (1942), Macbeth (1947), Moby Dick (1956), and Compulsion (1959). He made a documentary film in Latin America. II. Discussion A. The Issue of Politics on Welles’ Life and Works During the early years of Mercury Wonder Show, Welles took to the task of bringing travelling shows, performing before military troops during the war years. His initial performances were relegated to performing comedy shows and showcasing his abilities for magic tricks. As the broadcasting of this show became regularly heard by troops at camps while being deployed abroad, and as the war dragged on, Welles started to incorporate political issues by using war themes. The show however, had to be dropped because of its unpopularity, failing miserably on public ratings. The New York Post took Welles as one of its writers where he began to take political issues to the fore. He often considered subjects that were bordering on the controversial that had come to illustrate Welles’ works whether it be in print, radio broadcast or films. The chief problem however, for Welles and for those who employ his talent, the focus would end up in politics instead of strictly adhering to the project’s original format. The New York Post work for instance, had wanted to cash in on the saleability of Hollywood gossips to boost sales for its newspaper. The character and presence of Welles was to bring a different flavour to the columns’ set-up. This brought him constantly at odds with producers who would not gamble their financial investments on his works that catered more on his personal political passions that went for most of his lifetime unappreciated by co-workers in Hollywood. He later lost his writing space at the New York Post. Undaunted, Welles continued to take up serious political issues on air through his radio broadcast Commentaries. He would often pick up relevant issues of the time, usually speaking up to question (or ‘attack’) the validity and morality of actions and decisions done by a single individual, company, or political government. Political matters taken up in this program includes: †¢ Bikini Atomic Test – was on his radio program that questioned the validity of the government’s action of test explosions. His opinion was supposed to mirror the fears and anxieties of the public towards its safety for such undertakings. †¢ Affidavit of Isaac Woodward – the case concerning Isaac Woodard was not readily revealed, but Orson Welles made extensive efforts to expose the injustice done against Woodard. His was a case of police brutality and prejudice against blacks. South Carolina’s authorities were indicated to have grossly violated the rights of Woodard, who had been severely beaten by a police officer that left him blind for the rest of his life along with partial amnesia. The plight of this former bemedalled Naval war veteran of the 2nd World War, created a national outrage, owing largely to the works of Welles. (â€Å"1946 Orson Welles Commentaries†) B. Film The films of Orson Welles, finished or unfinished, is gaining considerable attention. This was not so during his time, wherein his unrelenting manner of insisting his way of doing his project alienated him from the major players of the studio by which he worked for, who happen to gain much control of Hollywood’s world (â€Å"Orson Welles†). Welles however, gave Hollywood two major innovative films: †¢ Touch of Evil Welles was keenly involved in upholding other Civil Rights issues. But twelve years after the outcome of Woodard issue, Welles worked on the film ‘Touch of Evil’. Its story was heavily motivated out from the Woodard case. Chiefly because of his active support for the Woodard case, Welles formed and later revealed his unconventional perspective towards the police work in general. Welles recognized the difficulty of a policeman’s predicament in fulfilling his profession. However, he redirected the focus and common view of the public, by saying that the main task of a police officer is to defend the law abiding citizen, and not to be fixated with pursuing criminals. This became the very basis in Welles’ Touch of Evil. †¢ Citizen Kane (1941) Now considered by many new filmmakers with great respect, Citizen Kane both established and destabilized Welles’ reputation. By creating citizen Kane, he also recreated Hollywood’s system of presenting its movies. Whereas, main actors and actresses commonly cause the stir among films projects, Welles was the first to put the director, Welles’ himself, into the limelight. Moreover, he had been given much freedom and control over the making and editing of the film (McAbee, â€Å"Orson Welles: Martyr of the Underground†). The story revolves on solving the meaning of the word â€Å"Rosebud† uttered by a newspaper tycoon, Charles Foster Kane before his death. Kane’s life was initially impassioned with idealism upon his entrance into the publishing business, but gradually waned off and replaced by a lifetime callous pursuit of power. The manner of unfolding the story is done by going backwards, as the reporters tries to solve the mystery of the dying man’s last words. The theme is heavily derived from the life of real newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst, although Welles’ own life is also incorporated in the story. It was widely believed to be intended to deride of Hearst’s ruthless exploitation. Hosting lavish parties in one of his many luxurious homes, Hollywood celebrities were welcomed, for as long as they were said to divulge juicy information that could be printed in his newspaper and help keep boosting sales. This kind of abuse of power and influence was the sorts of thing that an Orson Welles would not let pass, unscathed. Known for condemning any forms of oppression or unfairness, Citizen Kane was Welles’ medium to hit upon a ruthless system of greed that has eaten up the idealistic spirit of Americans in general. The movie expectedly earned the ire of Hearst, who used his every clout to bring Welles down, and could partially be held responsible for Welles downfall. The release of Citizen Kane made Welles’ a sensation in ‘moviedom’, but Welles’ unstable directorial career was no match for a man of status such as Hearst’s whose influence and wealth blocked every progress of Welles in the field of filmmaking (Epstein Lennon, 1997). III. Conclusion Some strongly believed, along with Welles himself, of him being of outstanding ability. But there are those who debate upon the validity of Welles’ genius. Although he became well-known, his career and works were far from being fulfilling. In truth, he failed to see his efforts of being truly appreciated. While it is common and vogue to see today’s celebrities standing up for political, social or environmental cause, Welles was already way ahead of his time fighting mainly for civil rights for most of his adult life. He recognized the power wielded by the media and used it to advance the issues which he sought to find justice. He did succeed in getting public attention. Some of those attentions though, were naturally hostile to his cause mainly because they were the object of his complaints. He was not also lacking of people within his own field of work, wherein he had a run-in which had dearly hurt his career. The many works which he left unfinished were alleged to be indications of having a lack of focus towards his career or worse, of being undisciplined. But one cannot say that Orson Welles lacked a focus in his life, for he was truly zealous about going against any forms of oppression. Whether it is social injustice towards women, racial prejudice against men of colour, or expression of personal faith, Welles was sure to take it up personally, not even minding if it would cost him financially. It is within in this context in which sets him apart. The number of projects which he left unfinished may have earned him ill-refute and tainted his brilliance. But many geniuses were left un-applauded by their generation. Besides the social and political relevance of his objections, Welles talent for his craft could not be forever hidden in the vaults of movie history. His major works, Citizen Kane is now being hailed as besting all other works of all time (â€Å"Critics’ Top Ten Poll†). Another work, Touch of Evil, is not far from the number one list. There may had been some considerable projects that he failed to deliver, a sorry state to have missed what could have been another significant contribution to the field of filmmaking. But a more sorry state is the public’s failing miserably to deliver during Welles’ time, the recognition and applause that was due him. Man, has sorely lost another opportunity to give a reward on time for one of its own geniuses. References: â€Å"Orson Welles†. Reel Classics. 2008. December 21, 2008, p. 1 http://www. reelclassics. com/Actors/Welles/welles. htm â€Å"1946 Orson Welles Commentaries†. Internet Archive. 2001. December 21, 2008 http://www. archive. org/details/1946OrsonWellesCommentaries McAbee, Sam. â€Å"Orson Welles: Martyr of the Underground†. December 21, 2008 http://5mtl. com/ft/orson%20welles2. htm Epstein, Michael and Thomas Lennon. â€Å"The Battle Over Citizen Kane†. The American Experience. 1997. December 21, 2008 http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/amex/kane2/kane2ts. html â€Å"Director’s Top Ten Poll†. British Film Institute. 2007. December 21, 2008 http://www. bfi. org. uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/critics. html

The American Presidency: Evolution in Time Essay -- American History P

The American Presidency: Evolution in Time The American Presidency is undoubtedly one of the most widely recognized popular icons throughout the world. Although to most foreigners or those who have never resided in the United States or know little of its history, the executive branch of government may seem to be as dull and unyielding as the rest of the American politics, for those few rare individuals who have taken the time to examine and closely scrutinize this office of the American political system and its recent history, quite the opposite will be said. Unlike Congressional or local elections where typically a number of individuals of the same ideological background must be elected in order for a particular issue to be addressed by the government, when it comes to the presidency, one person, although checked by various other divisions of the same government, has the power and responsibility to literally, as history has proven, change the world. The American people, "like all people everywhere, want to have our (pol itical) cake and eat it too. We want a lot of leadership, but we are notoriously lousy followers" (Genovese). In other words the expectations the public has of the executive office are ever-changing since we demand that our leaders keep up with the evolving world around us and them. Throughout the past seventy eventful years alone, the American people's views, perceptions and demands of the Executive Office of American government have evolved simultaneously with the political and social events of that same time period. The 1930s was a time of not only political turmoil abroad, but of economic chaos on the home-front as well. After President Herbert C. Hoover's Presidency took the blame for launching the ... ...atter? The Role of Charisma in Public Leadership." Congress & the Presidency 29 (2002): 25-47. Genovese A., Michael. "'What Have You Done For Me Lately?: The Demands Placed On The American Presidency.' National Forum 80 (2000): 30-40. Iyengar, Shanto. "Public Opinion." 10 Nov. 2004 <http://ap.grolier.com/article?assetid=023 82400&templatename=/article/article.ht ml > Rosen A., Elliot. "Roosevelt, Franklin Delano." 10 Nov. 2004 <http: //ap. grolier. com/article?assetid=02501700&templatename=/article/article.ht ml > Saltzman, Joe. "All the News that Fits Our Views." USA Today Sept. 25, 2004: 55. Shea, Christopher. "Americans More United in Social Views." The Chronicle of Higher Education 43 (1997): A18. Weinstein, Michael A., Weinstein, Deena. "Hail to the Shrub: Mediating the Presidency." The American Behavioral Scientist 46 (2002): 566-581.

AIDS in the World

AIDS is the fast becoming and the worst human disease disaster the world has ever seen. It is clear that in the next ten to fifteen years, AIDS will claim more lives than any other epidemic. As a matter of fact, every year and a half, it claims more human lives than the Holocaust. Nothing can be compared to the drag that AIDS has caused to human life.There is just no human suffering and devastation as worst as it is. In the year 2002, there have already been 28 million recorded deaths due to AIDS and that is only the paltry beginning. The United Nations Security Council has labeled AIDS as a global security threat.According to UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, terrorism is not the most serious problem faced by the world today, but the AIDS epidemic. It is more than anything else destabilizing the entire planet (Hunter 2003).History of AIDSThe Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or commonly known as AIDS was first observed in 1981. When it was first observed, it gained little attention as an infectious disease among experts. Accordingly, the first report was by Dr. Michael Gottlieb from the University of California Los Angeles. It was nothing from the AIDS that we know today. He described it as a rare form of pneumonia among homosexual men.At the same time, there were also other reports referring to the same disease saying it was a rare kind of cancer (Conner et al 2007). Furthermore, the most mainstream case would be what happened in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention where they publish an article entitled â€Å"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report†.In this article, experts described the case reports of five young men at three different hospitals in Los Angeles. All five of them were sexually active and gay. Also, all five of them are suffering from a lung disease.Furthermore, there were also case reports on 26 young homosexual men from New York and California that were diagnosed with Kaposi Sarcoma that was on the extreme level accompanied w ith skin and mucous membrane lesion.It is observed that most of the victims were homosexual men so scientists asked what practices the homosexual community is engaged in that made them contract the disease. They postulate that a drug called amyl nitrate used by homosexuals to increase sexual pleasure may be the culprit.There is also a theory that there are certain organisms in the homosexual body that caused the disease. By 1983, aside from the United States, there were already 16 countries that reported AIDS cases alongside more than 1000 Americans that were positively diagnosed (Weeks and Alcamo 2006).This situation is often compared to that of the story of the six blind men and the elephants that is familiar to all of us as children. The elephant was the disease and the six blind men were the scientists and doctors that were grappling with its emergence.They still do not have a clear idea what AIDS is, so they were treating the epidemic piecemeal. What physicians observed was tha t patient’s immune system was literally suppressed but they do not have any idea it was the very cause of the disease. Before 1984, the situation worsened.There were no clear definition for AIDS, no test available to affirm the diagnosis, and certainly no cure was in sight (Weeks and Alcamo 2006).Despite the pessimisms among the people, researchers were beginning to unravel the mysteries of the disease that soon they call AIDS.   The observed symptoms were then later on labeled as AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome mainly because the symptoms were consistent with damage to the immune system among healthy people.Furthermore, it was also learned that the disease was not congenital nor was it inherited but acquired from an infection of a virus. As of the present, the disease has become a prominent fixture in everyday language as its common name AIDS (Conner et al 2007).Basic research on AIDS was primarily done in the United States by two of the leading governmental in stitutions: the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the National Institute of Health (NIH). There were also studies conducted in Western Europe by Pasteur Institute.The Pasteur Institute was famous for their specialization in virology because it started out as center to combat rabies, the most horrible of all viral diseases. Prior to this, scientists in this institute has also done other viral discoveries such as that of Constantin Levadati who discovered the polio virus, Amedee Morrel who studied animal onco-viruses, and Felix d’Herelle who discovered bacteriophage.They are part of the team who had will soon develop the field of molecular biology and soon understand the biological strategy of the AIDS virus (Grmek et al 1993).The Pasteur virologists first encountered AIDS during a controversy about the Institute’s production of hepatitis-B vaccine. The process required a massive amount of human plasma. In 1981, they purchased around 2, 500 liters of plasma from the United States blood banks.A third of these were mixed to European plasma in order for them to prepare vaccine. When the product was tested to the chimpanzees, one of them developed hepatitis, and another died out of arbovirus infection (Grmek et al 1993).In September 1982, Jacques Leibowitch, a physician working at the Raymond Poincare Hospital in Paris had been convinced that AIDS is caused by an exotic virus of African origin that affected T4-cells transmitted by blood.The description of the virus was similar to that of HTLV retrovirus. He gave a seminar at Cochin hospital and informed the French task force about it. The French Task Force was pretty much convinced that the retrovirus might be the probable cause of AIDS. They were also –persuaded that it could be transmitted through blood (Grmek et al 1993).Other scientists believe the agent came from a virus that causes African swine fever since the same virus can result to immune suppression of pigs. Others believed that i t was cause by a slow virus, one that is multiplying at an extreme low rate that it only affects and manifests itself in the body after a few years.Another group believes that the agent is a vital escapee from a genetic engineering laboratory. There was also speculation that says that it came from a failed biological war against Cuba (Grmek et al 1993).In the United States, the group of Robert C. Gallo identified a virus in the blood of 48 patients with virus. They named the virus HTVL-III. They have published their works on the Science. In a few months that followed, there has already been a rivalry between the American and French experts each claiming that they were the first one who isolated the virus.They contested that they should be one who’ll receive international awards, research grants, and millions and billions of dollar patent rights. Until, they have settled after some time that the virus that they have been examining were of the same type. The United States for i ts part have a