BAE Systems’ Case Study Essay - 2200 Words

BAE Systems' Case Study (Essay Sample) Content: BAE Systemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Case StudyName of StudentName of InstructorName of InstitutionDate SubmittedOUTLINE 1 Task 1: Laudable decisions 2 Task 2: Standard ways of placing blames 3 Task 3: Standard normative doctrines 4 Task 4: Corporate misconduct 5 ReferencesBAE Systemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Case StudyTask 1: Laudable Decisions from BAE Systemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Case StudyThe decision by the Serious Fraud Office (herein referred to as SFO) to prosecute British Aerospace (herein referred to as BAE) should be applauded. This is given the fact that the decision will deter the big companies from exploiting poverty stricken communities that cannot afford to pay for their education and medical bills. This can apply to African countries such as Tanzania. The company (BAE) sold air traffic control systems to the Tanzanian government where the latter used money meant for social services such as education and health to pay for the systems (Burrows 2003). The Serious Fraud Office should present the evidence it has in court so that BAE can be prosecuted to avert this form of misconduct in the future.Supporting of premier elections by BAE and other business is not a crime. In the international scene, requires leaders who are aggressive and influential. Tony Blair was to become salesman of the BAE products. His premier positions would give him a platform to negotiate the needs of the firms effectively.The anti-Bribery Bills would do well in safeguarding the corporate conducts of a given firm. In this case BAE will adhere to ethical conducts but if found deviating to the conducts for example offering, promising or accepting bribes, the suggested penalties like maximum of 10-year jail sentence will be initiated. Also, the suggested law was to attract unlimited penalties to firms that exhibit corporate misconduct (Coates 2010).Culpable DecisionThe SFO decision to drop investigations on the Al-Yammah is intolerable. The UK government in this case feels that it will compromise its relationship with Saudi Arabian if it continues to investigate into allegations. The implications here is that UK want to safeguard its market grounds maintaining good relationship with its buyers. It does not look on those who are hurt but only making their interest safe.BAE is willing to pay fine to the affected countries but not accepting the fact that has breached the corporate misconduct. This will yield no fruits in curbing such vice in the sense that the BAE will be avoiding the blame. For example it only pays the Tanzanian government as ex-gratia and not as penalties (Coates 2010). A director of forensic accounting Mr. Gavin Cunningham puts into perspective that there was no criminal penalty but is civil arrangement.It is culpable for the British government to use its power and authority to coerce other nations to adopt its policies. This is another form of bribery and corruption. The largest arms manufacturer in Britain is guilty of corruption in the sense that it is using millions of pounds to obtain contracts from other countries including those from the third world. BAE has admitted that it is guilty of the corruption charges leveled against the company though does not fully point out to be responsible (Burrows 2003).The BAE is using corruptible ways to win contracts. Using middlemen advisors to seal deals is inappropriate idea. They use offshore companies to carryout illegal practices is a breach of corporate misconduct. This is a way of making themselves clean and claim they are not aware what is going on offshore.Task 2: Standard Ways of Placing BlameConcessionAppointment of Lord Woolf to oversee on the BAE matters is not effective. In this case blame arises on the fact he is only recommending on the future conduct of BAE and not the past. It is true to say that BAE is indeed hiding something that is questionable. The effectiveness of the recommendations should be based on the evaluation of the past misconducts. Mr. Oliver suggests that Woolf n eeds to look in the past as well.A concession is seen also when the Tanzanian MP say that they did not need the radar for air traffic control. It is a poor country to afford the facility. They agree that they been taken advantage of their situation by hijacking the funds meant for their welfare (Pinningtone 2002).JustificationIt is important to make the individual feel that he is indeed wrong by providing suggestions on how to operate in the future to avert such cases. It is important to note that the company has been blamed for avoiding the problem. This is given the fact that administrators delegate tasks that are likely to create controversy while at the same time performing activities that will earn them credit. It is noted that the administrators have the ability to place the blame on another person or another party even when it is obvious that the blame lies squarely on them. They do this by putting into motion complex strategies that shift the blame to another person or make it disappear altogether. A defensive mode is evident when holders of certain offices are moved from one office to the other.Refusal and ExcuseThe BAE has been to retaliate after discovering that they have been exposed to the public and the authorities have discovered their unlawful conducts (Duska 2007). They excuse themselves by inventing strategies to cover up their evil deeds. For example, the CEO of BAE supported Tony Blairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s premier campaigns. This was a strategy to ensure that those in power will suppress attempts by other parties to scuttle their plans of selling arms to other countries. Also to note is that Mike Turner refuses completely that they have done nothing wrong (Schaler 2008). He states that they are complying with SFO request and they feel that their dignity and reputations is affected.Constructive reprimanding is the best way to place blame on another individual or a country for that matter. In this case, one should not use strong words on those in powe r since it can boomerang on the one placing the blame. This may harm the individual placing the blame and the society at large. For example SFO withdraws from investigating in the Al-Yammah for security matters. BAE is involved in the manufacturing of dangerous weapons that are dangerous to humanity. Mishandling such blame can make the company adopt uncontrollable measures to safeguard their business interests. Instead, one should positively inform the company about the dangers posed their business activities. The Saudi Arabia states that if not cleared, it will not corporate on counter terroristà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s activities (Greenfield 2006).Task 3: Standard Normative DoctrinesBusiness ethics have both normative and descriptive dimensions. In the corporate world, it is the normative dimension that is usually applied. Individuals conducting business for the first time will usually use the descriptive dimension. Business ethicality is normally exhibited when the company is increasing profi ts in non-business areas. This is evident today under the ethics, codes and responsibility charter. Norms are criteria with practical significance which are capable of influencing an action. This is as opposed to norms as an abstract concept. Normative scenarios include assertions of certain passive statements. In this case, the normative cases comprise of commands, permissions as well as prohibitions. The concept of abstraction as far as normative is concerned involves sincerity, justification and honesty (Hansmann Kraakman 2000).Norm is mostly defined by orders and permission. In this form of abstraction, the world is not always portrayed as it is. On the contrary, the world is portrayed as it should appear. Declarative and imperative phrases are usually used to describe norms. As far as law is concerned, declarative phrases are more appropriate. It is also important to note that an expressed norm is dependent on phrase assertion. For example, descriptive norms can as well be use d as the definition of a norm (Huevel et al. 2009).Deontological NormsIt is important to discuss deontic norms. This is the same as permissions and obligations. These are norms postulating the duties that should be embraced. Such norms also form symbols such as national symbols used in a country. These are symbols such as the flags and the national anthem. The national symbols can be used to form political affiliations with other nations around the world. It is also noted that regions can be formed inside a nation which is being governed by administrative principles (Cory 2004). The norm will become irrelevant if such consequences are omitted. For example BAE becomes ethical incorrect if it violets the corporate conducts. Bribing to acquire contract is unlawful. Denying citizen social services so as to deliver weapons is an insulting the dignity of the Tanzanians. Tolerance of corruption and bribing by the corporate is unethical. All those involved in the arms trade have tolerated c orruption either by bribing or being bribed. All of these attributes can be conceptualized under the auspices of competence (Richard 2005).Consequentialist DoctrinesThese doctrines hold that improper course of action will cause untold consequences. They include happiness as well as harm to the individual. To achieves this, proper actions are improvised to increase good conditions for working. It is the moral worth of actions. For best conditions to be achieved, utilitarian principles dominate as opposed to being abused. The BAE Company abuses this principle and the happiness of the existing clients is affected. The SFO comes in to investigate BAE and other organizations to restore utilitarian principle. This principle is divided into two categories; act and rule. Act determines consequences when choosing a particular option whereby the pleasurable option is preferred. Rule al...

Essay sample dedicated to black holes

During the past several decades, major scientific discoveries in astronomy and astrophysics were made that changed the way people perceive space and universe. Many space objects and phenomena were discovered including exoplanets, extrasolar planets, gravitational waves, and so on (Hill, 2010). Moreover, scientists have been interested in collecting information about black holes – mysterious and dangerous space objects possessing massive gravitational attraction. The main characteristic of this extraordinary object is that it possesses a huge amount of mass concentrated in an extremely small area. Due to this unique feature, a black hole can devour all objects near it including light, which is why people cannot see them without special telescopes (Anderson, 2015). In this essay, I intend to describe these amazing space objects in detail by focusing on their types, structure, and processes occurring inside them. Research on Black Holes The first questions I will answer in this essay are â€Å"When were black holes first theorized?† and â€Å"Who discovered black holes?† Interestingly, although only advanced equipment allows finding a black hole in the immense outer space, the first theories about this object were made back in the 18th century. Amateur astronomer John Mitchell used Newton’s research on gravity and suggested that there should be incredibly dense celestial objects that are able to escape velocity equals (Waxman, 2017). Although his suggestions were later supported by the French scholar Pierre Laplace, the scientific community did not take them seriously because no one could even imagine that such an extraordinary thing can exist in the universe (Rau, 2015). Even genius Albert Einstein doubted whether black holes actually existed and argued that they were no more than a figment of the imagination of enthusiastic mathematicians and astronomers. With the advancement of technologies, researchers managed to collect much evidence proving that John Mitchell was right – black holes exist, and they are as real any other celestial object. Although it is impossible to take a picture of a black hole to prove its existence, researchers can learn where exactly it is located by exploring how it affects the nearby environment. More specifically, scholars have explored how black holes devour light, dust, and astronomical objects, as well as how they interact with galaxies (Rau, 2015). These objects are surrounded by the discs of material that spin around them so fast that they emit X-rays, which can be easily detected by telescopes (Anderson, 2015). As the technology develops further, we can learn more about these magnificent objects, so one may suggest that the most groundbreaking discoveries are coming soon. Black Holes: Description and Black Holes Facts At this point, I would like to explore black holes in detail to learn how black holes are formed, what is inside a black hole and how these objects differ from each other. Researchers explain that when giant stars reach their final stage of development, they explode in the impressive phenomenon known as a supernova. As a result, these stars begin to collapse in upon themselves, creating the powerful gravitational pull (National Geographic, 2017). Notably, although black holes devour energy, the amount of matter they can pull inside cannot be larger than their own mass. When an object approaches a black hole, it needs to reach the point of no return, which is the point from which it cannot escape from the hole’s gravitation (National Geographic, 2017). Furthermore, researchers have been concerned with answering the question â€Å"How large can the volume of a black hole get?† Theoretically, one may assume that such an object can continuously devour matter and ultimately destroy the whole universe. However, it is practically impossible, so the largest black holes can only reach the mass ten billion times the mass of our Sun (Plait, 2016). â€Å"How do black holes grow?† is another question attracting scholars’ attention. Research and theoretical findings demonstrate that these celestial objects can grow over time by consuming energy. However, it would be wrong to claim that they are similar to large vacuum cleaners that suck everything around. In fact, researchers argue that if a black hole with the same mass as our Sun replaced it, it would not devour this planet, and all planets would continue to revolve around it as they did with the Sun (Waxman, 2017). It is also incorrect to think that black holes are immortal because scientists also proved that they can seize to exist over time (Siegel, 2014). So how do black holes evaporate? This question is difficult to answer in several sentences because evaporation is associated with complex physical and chemical processes that may complement each other and produce a powerful effect. Briefly speaking, although black holes indeed devour objects, they still emit some energy, which can gradually decrease black holes’ mass, thus leading to their gradual disappearance (Siegel, 2014). Moreover, one needs to note that it is still unknown what is inside a black hole because scientists can only imagine how such a unique fabric of spacetime can look like. Finally, one needs to describe the classification of black holes. There are three main types of black holes including stellar black holes, supermassive black holes, and miniature black holes, which differ depending on the star they evolved from, as well as their age. For example, miniature holes have evolved from stars much smaller than our Sun. These types of black holes affect their environment differently, but the principle of their existence is similar. To conclude, black holes are indeed extraordinary astronomical objects that have fascinated and frightened people from the day of their discovery. Scholars have managed to learn more about these celestial bodies, but there are surely many things we still do not know about them.

Correlation Between Mass Media And Digital Media Essay

Convergence is a term used by various disciplines to ‘describe and analyse processes of change toward uniformity or union’ (p. 1) as said by Latzer (2013). In relation to mass communication, media convergence incorporates insights and methods to describe, characterises and understanding of digital media (Latzer, 2013). Convergence adequately describes the relationship between mass media and digital media. Mass media refers to ability to communicate openly and internationally to many receivers within a limited amount of time. The latest digital forms have expanded speed, capacity, and transmission efficiently of mass media platforms (Mcquail, 2000). According to Jenkins (2006) convergence describes the technological, industrial, cultural and social changes in the ways media flows within our culture. This includes content circulation across multiple media platforms, cooperation between multiple media industries, search for new structure of old and new media financing, and the migratory behaviour of media audiences who can interact in multiple environments (Jenkins, 2006). Media convergence can be described as the phenomenon involving interconnection of information and communication technologies, computer networks, and media content. It is a direct consequence of media content digitisation and internet popularisation. It has transforms established industries and services enabling emergence of new forms of content. The long established media industry and content has beenShow MoreRelatedEssay on Mass Media on Violence1502 Words   |  7 PagesOur digital-minded world has brought about much change and advancement to our daily lives. There are better, newer video games, televisions, and gaming systems on the market each year. As is such, a concern has been raised within our society as to these games and programs becoming increasingly violent and whether this will lead to heightened violence and aggression by those exposed to such material. Others claim that society has been viewing violent images for decades without problems and thatRead MoreAnalysis of Article: â€Å"Influence of Mass Media on Body Image and Eating Disordered Attitudes and Behaviors in Females† by Jordi Fauquet, et al.747 Words   |  3 PagesMass media consists of a range of multimedia technologies that have enhanced our way of communication. The media conveys norms and attitudes that socially construct those who are involved. Inadvertently, the media depicts a widely accepted misconception of personal image. â€Å"Influence of Mass Media on Body Image and Eating Disordered Attitudes and Behaviors in Females† reveals the high correlation between media content and females’ idea of beauty. Although the article does not specify on their intendedRead MoreEffectiveness Of Digital Marketing For Marketers And Consumers1450 Words   |  6 PagesEFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL MARKETING STRATIGIES SONIA DARA Assistant Professor , Department of commerce, Khalsa College For Women, Civil Lines Ludhiana, Punjab, India E-mail- darasonia27@yahoo.in ABSTRACT Marketers are faced with new challenges and opportunities within this digital age. Digital marketing drives the creation of demand using the power of the internet, and satisfies this demand in new and innovative ways. In other words Digital marketing is the utilization of electronicRead MoreYoung Womens Exposure Of Medi Mass Media Vs. Social Media1668 Words   |  7 PagesYoung Women’s Exposure to Media: Mass Media vs. Social Media As Williams and Ricciardelli (2014) point out in their literary review titled, â€Å"Social Media and Body Image Concerns: further considerations and broader perspectives,† which similar examines the relationship between social media and body consciousness, â€Å"†¦social media in our digital world are overtaking other forms of mass media, as the main medium, where the young and the not so young source information about body image ideals† (p. 389)Read MoreThe Impact Of Media On Youtube And Facebook954 Words   |  4 PagesSince the advent of the internet and the yearly increase in connectivity shrinking the digital divide, information and media have become increasingly accessible to many more people. Our personal consumption of media has become extremely tailored due to individualization. With â€Å"web-based mass alternative media offer increased range, immediacy, and ease over traditional alternatives† (Owens and Palmer, 2003; p 339) we are given the op portunity to customize both our virtual and tangible experience.Read MoreAnnotated Bibliography List : Ted Talk Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pagestry to use things like alcohol and drugs to sedate you. This can also lead to weight gain because your will release a hormone signaling to your brain that you need more carbohydrates and sugars. A study that was noted in this TED Talk was a link between mental health wellness with sleep. From very early on people with schizophrenia have claimed to have sleep deprivation or trouble with sleeping. In the 1970s people started to blame that on the antipsychotics that the patient was on, when in realityRead MoreViolent Video Games : Do They Cause Violent Behavior And Actions?1747 Words   |  7 Pagespeople of the newest generations but games aren t usually digital rainbows and love but some revolve around violence in their our ways, so as you would expect these games deeds don’t get away without criticism and opposition to some degree. Are violent video games a major cause of violent and aggressive behavior in those who play them? Are they contenders in influencing behavior and even shootings from the violence done within these digital fronters? The issue has been a big debate among concernedRead MoreDigital Media2221 Words   |  9 PagesThe media of mass communication have long played a fundamental role in people’s lives. The media informs, persuades, entertains, and even sells. For the most part; mass media is only owned by a few private companies, as we learned in the â€Å"media ownership† discussion. According to the â€Å"Telecommunications Act of 1996,†, this act was to spawn some competition the broadcast companies. It also eased the restrictions on the number of television stations one individual company can ownRead MoreRe-Interpreting Internet Activism: A Study of Its Relationship with the Nature of State Introduction1130 Words   |  5 Pagesmobilizing mass protests, its power in overthrowing the ruling regimes and its role in strengthening participatory processes. The digital media has played a crucial role in planning and executing protests, spreading information about the protests, creating a sense of shared community, forming a â€Å"virtual space† beyond the regulation of the state and inspiring viewers with ideas of democracy and liberalism. Therefore, this paper works on the premise that both political will and effective use of media areRead MoreAdvantages Of Using The Internet1214 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are some differences between the internet and more traditional media? What are some advantages and disadvantages of using the internet in advertising? Describe the main types of promotion used on the int ernet (both traditional and newer types). (20 points) Some differences between the internet and more traditional media is that internet offers the marketer ability to receive feedback and a more direct link to the consumer, as well as giving the marketer easier access to trends and competition

Personal Narrative Mistaken Identity - 1302 Words

Mistaken Identity I have always been quiet and lonely, I find peace in being this way. I live in a high spot tucked away from everyone. After all, the people I live with have no clue I am living up here. I have lived here for a very long time, my whole life I believe. I stay hidden when I think someone is coming. This morning I was woke up from being so cold. I decide to creep over to the dusty window. I try not to make any noise to make sure I do not give myself away by being heard. I peek out the window and I see that the ground is pure white. I have always longed to be able to stretch out my legs on the real ground, but I am stuck here. It seems impossible to try and escape from here, I am scared I will get caught. Suddenly I†¦show more content†¦There is food left on the counter and it has attracted some bugs. I quickly grab some food and eat it there. It is too much of a hassle to bring food all the way upstairs. Once I am finished I clean up my evidence and leave thi ngs the way I found them. This is another precaution I take so I am not caught. On the way upstairs I pass the tree again and stare at it for some time. I decide to leave what I call a treasure on the tree. My treasures are what I make in my free time, which I have a lot of. Once I am back upstairs I crawl back into my bed and fall back to sleep from a full belly. Early this morning I was awoke from approaching footsteps. â€Å"It’s nice to be finally doing this.† said the mother as she steps into the attic. â€Å"We might find some old treasures up here.† As he sorts through several boxes. â€Å" I wonder if they are talking about my treasures?† I think to myself. While the couple were busy sorting through boxes, I remained in my bed. I put my bed in a huge hole in the wall. I placed it there for days like this, when I am barged in on and there is no time for me to hide. â€Å"EWWW!† the mother cries as she jumps away from a dead roach. â€Å" We need to call Pete today.† She says to the father as they both begin to leave the attic. â€Å"Okay I’ll call him now.† Says the father as he reaches in his pocket for his phone. â€Å"He’ll get this place cleanedShow MoreRelatedThemes Of American Psycho910 Words   |  4 Pagesappearances with daily workouts and beautification routines. This film reflects the â€Å"yuppie† culture of America in the 1980s, more specifically, the materialism/consumerism and identity that are desired by man in order to fit in and be accepted by society. The themes of needing to consume, conform, and needing to know your identity still resonates with today’s society. American Psycho was very controversial due to the amount of violence towards women and the sexism that was shown. . .WRITE MORE Read MoreAs You Like It a Romantic Comedy1658 Words   |  7 Pagesmachina in classical comedy, where a God appears to resolve the conflict) or may merely involve improbable turns of events. In the best of the mature comedies, there is frequently a philosophical aspect involving weightier issues and themes: personal identity; the importance of love in human existence; the power of language to help or hinder communication; the transforming power of poetry and art; the disjunction between appearance and reality; the power of dreams and illusions). As you like it isRead MoreOutline and Assess the Use of Experiments in Social Psychology Drawing on the Cognitive Social Perspective and Phenomenological Perspective1672 Words   |  7 Pagesbe collected through first person written accounts, however due to the strength of emotion shown in this article, interviews with the women and the family themselves would be more effective as emotion can be better determined through first person narratives (Landridge 2007) as well as physical implications such as body language. The data collected from the accounts would then be systematically examined for themes, which allow the researcher to highlight the nature of the lived experience being recountedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel A Short Story 1979 Words   |  8 Pagesreader to develop an in-depth relationship with these characters. Despite its condensed form, the short story can possess layers of subtexts and a sort of narrative ambiguity where pressure is placed on the reader to make so mething of these literary texts. To make sense of these subtexts, the reader should pay particular attention to the narrative voice being utilized because the narrator has the ability to influence how a reader may respond to a literary text by setting up a perspective from whichRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography on the Prevelence of Rape in Shakespeares Work909 Words   |  4 Pagespublically Tarquines assault on Lucrece; however, Greenstadt argues that Shakespeare inevitably also uses the word publish in the literal sense as well. As in, he is publishing a narrative, no less one that tells the story of a rape from the perspective of the female victim. Although Greenstadt provides significant personal research, she relies heavily on her own interpretations and thus her argument lacks etymological evidence of the words homonym-like qualities. Nonetheless, Greenstadts analysisRead MoreThe Most Promising Performing Artist Of Her Generation Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pagesrelay the human experience through her work. Often incorporating an eclectic range of elements in her pieces, her ultimate product usually tows the line between dance, theater, and performance art. A Brooklyn-based artist, she grounds her work in a personal â€Å"obsession with the problem of being ‘somebody’ in a world of other ‘somebodies.† This seemingly abstract concept is actually broken down, built up and then blown out of proportion through the work, thereby allowing participants to really contemplateRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1492 Words   |  6 PagesLiving in a nation like Latin America, Latin American experience this more often than not they must claim a mistaken identity that does not include American. In saying this many people that are from Latin America are cast out and seen as other by traditional American citizens in the world. However often this may happen, Latin Americans are indeed American. Dealing with this i dentity crisis, many turned to writing as an outlet. Gabriel Garcia Marquez is a successful author that utilizes this formRead MoreI Love Yous Are For White People1714 Words   |  7 PagesImagine the fear and the trauma of having to escape a place that you once considered your home to travel to a completely foreign land that still does not fully accept you. This experience was heavily portrayed in I Love Yous Are For White People, a narrative written by Lac Su, as well as in Trieu Tran’s one-man play, Unplugged. Both the novel and the play displayed the struggles of living as Vietnamese refugees along with the difficulties assimilating into the new countries that they travelled to. TheRead MoreEthics of Identity: Japanese-American Internment2051 Words   |  9 PagesEthics of Identity: Japanese-American Internment Since 1893, when Fredrick Jackson Turner announced that the American identity was not a byproduct of the first colonists, but that it emerged out of the wilderness and only grew with the surfacing of the frontier, America has placed a great emphasis on the notion of a national identity. However, the paradox of the American identity is that although the United States is a melting pot of many different traditions, motives, and ideals, there are neverthelessRead MoreThe Reason For God : Christian Values And Biblical Faith Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesTim Keller’s introduction of his book a Reason For God, where he challenges the believer, â€Å"†¦to ask the hard questions about why they believe†¦ (p. Xvi).† This statement led me to investigating my own faith so that it moves from inheritance to my own personal belief. Many Christians have encountered this statement, which I thought this would be simplistic to address: 1. â€Å"Or some might protest that they just don’t know what is meant by God since this concept doesn’t remotely resemble anything we experience

Factors That Affect The World That Can Impact The Way A...

There are many different things in the world that can impact the way a person develops. One of the main developmental influences in a child’s or person’s life is their parent’s and a stable home. Unfortunately, in today’s society, many families are a result of divorce and it is progressively impacting the way people develop. From a researcher’s standpoint, the view of family has changed dramatically over the past few years and roughly half of today’s families have suffered from divorce (Abbey Dallos, 2004). When parents who have children together decide to separate they need to think of all the possible outcomes, one of them being how their children will react. Each individual copes with things differently. One child could lash out at†¦show more content†¦This can cause tension between siblings and lead to a poor relationship, especially if they chose different parents. Another factor that impacts a child’s development is the departure of one parent from the house. Some children will not get to see that parent for days, weeks, months, or even years, depending on their situation (Kelly, 2003). This can be devastating to a child that has a strong attachment to both parents or the parent that they no longer get to see on a daily basis. For younger children, the leaving of one parent may make them feel scared that the other parent will leave as well. This will cause the child to become increasingly clingy, wanting to sleep in the parents bed, and they will have increased anxiety (Dowling Gorell-Barnes, 1999). It is also a disruption in the child’s life when a parent finds a new partner and introduces them into their child’s life. Although the well-being of a child has improved in families that has step-parents versus families without a step-parent, getting used to having a step-parent is hard and a big change for children (Moxnes, 2003). Children worry about what their step-parent will be li ke, if they will like them, and if they will try to replace their biological parents. Step-parents are also an issue in children’s development because some believe that their parents pay more

Homosexuality Genetic Or A Choice - 1724 Words

Jessica Lamb Professor Daniel Levine PSYC 3320 May 9 2015 Homosexuality: Genetic or a Choice? It’s the year 2015 and the talk of homosexuality is still a controversial topic. Some people believe that being homosexual, or â€Å"gay†, is a choice and by being with someone of the same-sex you are committing a sin or doing something that is not viewed as â€Å"normal†. Although, now on television we are starting to see more and more homosexual couples and homosexual people on TV programs. Are people finally getting with the program and accepting that homosexuals deserve the same rights as heterosexuals? â€Å"How do adolescents become homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual? One of the perspectives is that this is not a choice we make, but rather something†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"That means that environment contributes at least as much as genes to the development of sexual orientation† (Shaffer, 277). Other studies that focused on the genetics of sexual orientation included an early study that was done by advertising in gay or lesbian public ations for homosexual people with twins (Kalat, 347). Where they then contacted the other twin to fill out a questionnaire that included diverse items that concealed the fact that the real interest was sexual orientation (Kalat, 347). The results of this study showed a stronger concordance for monozygotic twins than dizygotic twins (Kalat, 347). That concluded, â€Å"if one twin is homosexual, the probability for the other twin to also be homosexual is fairly high for a monozygotic twin, and less high for the dizygotic twin† (Kalat, 347). A later study examined the data from all the twins in Sweden between the ages 20 and 47; this study not only differed in the breadth of the sample but also differed in the behavioral criterion (Kalat, 347). The researchers of this study asked whether someone had ever had a same-sex partner instead of asking about their sexual orientation (Kalat, 347). The figure 11.13 above compares the data they conducted from the two studies (Kalat, 337-348). These results indicate concordance, not the total number of people with a homosexual orientation or about homosexual activity (Kalat, 347). Also, â€Å"several studies reported a higher

Midwife Practice Knowledge and Skills

Question: Discuss about theMidwife Practicefor Knowledge and Skills. Answer: Introduction The midwifery skills require appropriate knowledge and skills to maintain the patients quality of life. This assignment is related to demonstrate the incident and personal experience related to the incident. There comes many occasions when midwives have to go through ethical and moral problems as well as have to recognize the importance of the role of the midwife. This reflective essay is based on the case study of a patient named as X. She is a 28 years old women with gravida para 1. Leaking liquor was noticed in her urine. The patient starts to feel increased leaking sensations and contraction pain. Once the fetal head was delivered it got recoiled in the perineum and turtle necking occur. This kind of situation is very difficult for the healthcare professional, and if the baby is not delivered within 5 minutes then chances of brain damage in child increases. Such difficult situations challenge the role of midwives and can also prepare them to for future challenges. Through this re flective essay I will attempt to evaluate the experience as a midwives student and how such experience can be helpful for future practice. Description of Care The patient X involved in this case is a 28 years old pregnant woman, who has been experiencing liquor leaking and pain. During the acute pain and delivery process, the head of the baby recoils against the perineum of mother. The turtle sign is identified, when the head of the baby suddenly retracts back, while it was emerging through vagina. This means that the cheeks of the baby bulges out, which resembles to the turtle pulling its head back into its shell. However, the delivery of the baby was done through McRoberts maneuver. This time is very difficult for the healthcare professionals and mainly for the midwife, who is committed to provide personal support and assistance to the women before and during delivery (Adams, 2015). Delivery of the baby is not easy and professionals as well as the mother have to face many challenges during the process of delivery (Aune, Amundsen, Aas, 2014). In the given case study turtle necking occur, which calls for the immediate professional care and quality interventions otherwise the life of the baby be in danger. The major danger is to face shoulder dystocia during turtle necking. This is the situation, where shoulder of the baby stuck in the pelvis or symphysis pubis (the pubic bone)of mother. Understanding the variations of shoulder dystocia is very important for the midwives. Acknowledgment of Feelings and Thoughts The role of midwife is to work in coordination with other professionals. During this case in Patient Xs situation, I felt very terrified, as the life of baby is very important. I concentrated on the skills and knowledge that I gained from my midwifery degree. This knowledge encourages midwives to consider patient safety and understand the variations and types of shoulder dystocia. The learning resources for midwives help to focus on the problems and how to solve them. I believe that role of midwife is to save the life by taking accurate action for problem solving. During the delivery of baby I felt terrified on the first place, it is because the life of baby was in danger and any delay in the appropriate intervention can result in severe brain and physical injuries in child. However, women are amazing and they are capable of delivering their babies with difficult challenges as well. Thus, later I felt that I am very lucky that I got a chance to take part in such delivery and all my fear was gone when I concentrated on knowledge I have gained, which says that there are many bizarre birth positions, delivery situations and movements, but still instinctive pelvic movementscan result in riskless deliveries. Baby need some time to come in comfortable position and appropriate knowledge and skills of the midwives can reduce the risk (Code of ethics for midwives in Australia, 2008). Thus, I felt happy to participate in this challenging delivery. Shoulder dystocia is a very unpredictable situation and healthcare professionals have to be prepared for such unpredictable situations. The role of professional communication and working in coordination is also important. This delivery experience helped me to enhance my nursing skills and supporting patients. Evaluation of Care Midwife is the person, who is recognized as being accountable and responsible professionals, who works in partnership with other women, who require care, support and advice during their period of pregnancy, labour, delivery, conducting birth of babies, postpartum period, and offering appropriate care to the new born. The role of midwife is to apply preventive measures and promote the birth of baby through normal delivery, detecting any kind of complications if appear, accessing appropriate assistance from other healthcare professionals and carrying emergency measures. The incident that took place was very challenging or me. My duty was to identify the problem and inform the professionals to seek their assistance. As, the turtle necking occurred, it was important to understand that such problem has occurred and require appropriate measure. It is appropriate to monitor each and every change in the condition of woman and baby. As the babys head appeared with puffed cheeks, it was obvious that turtle necking has occurred, which can result in shoulder dystocia (Politi et al, 2010). This case was beneficial to display the importance of team work and leadership. By seeing the problem, the whole team was activated and all the nursing professionals displayed good communication and effective team work. Thus, it was beneficial to take part in such case and enhance the skills and knowledge for future practice. However, this experience could have been detrimental, if I would have not focused on the patients and childs safety. But, good and effective team work was a very beneficial factor in resolving the problem of Shoulder dystocia. Analysis Shoulder dystocia can be a very serious and significant cause of neonatal and maternal injury. This kind of situation is characterized as a severe obstetrical emergency that complicates between 0.2% and 4.0% of vaginal births in the United States (Robins, 2012). Shoulder dystocia is the problem that occurs, when shoulder of the baby is failed to be delivered spontaneously. And from this situation I learnt that role of midwife is very important and additional maneuvers by the midwives in order to facilitate safe delivery for the child. The main risk associated with this kind of delivery is of substantial neonatal injuries and morbidities. This kind of problem requires working effectively and in coordination with team. According to Smith et al, (2013), there is limited research available on the topic about the factors that make women vulnerable to the risk of such delivery, and mainly such incidents occur in women, who do not display any signs of such problem. Thus, such cases are very beneficial for getting practical knowledge. The delivery done in this case was through McRoberts maneuver. It is important for the safe birth. Before that I learnt that it is important to give significant time to the child to adjust the shoulder (Simic, 2014). Sometime within five minutes child can take the necessary position and can come out easily, but if in five minutes it does not come in normal position then necessary professional assistance is required. I learnt that in such cases midwives should take immediate action. Not to make the bad situation worse, it is important to remember that babys shoulder should not be pulled. It is because pulling is the most common mistake that midwives do because they panic. Also continuous communication with the patient is very important. I learnt that continuous communication with the patient may reduce their stress and provide the support during difficult time. Action Plan According to Robins (2012) Midwives and physicians are entrusted as gatekeepers for the safety and wellbeing of the mother and infant during the birth process. When there are any kind of adverse outcomes of mortality or morbidity in the patient or the fetus, such situation can be very distressing for the healthcare professionals as well (Schneider, Whitehead, 2013). Thus, taking appropriate care and applying the knowledge and skills in the correct way are important to fulfill the duty of care (Borrelli, 2014). Midwives also have the role of educating people and counseling them (Code of professional conduct for midwives in Australia, 2008), thus I learn that communication with patient, as well as inter-professional communication is necessary for working in accordance to provide quality care and support (Yznaga, 2013). For the future action plan I would concentrate on patient and childs safety. I would concentrate on changing condition of patient, with regular communication and monitoring condition (Thelin, Lundgren, Hermansson, 2014). According the Code of professional conduct for the Midwives in Australia (2008), Midwives focus on a womans health needs, her expectations and aspirations, supporting the informed decision making of each woman. Thus, my focus will also on the health and safety of patient and will consider her expectation and dignity while practicing. Conclusion The role of midwife is very important in nursing and healthcare practice. This role is mainly dedicated to the pregnant mother, postpartum care and fetus safety. This role also includes attaining unsurpassed skills and experience. The case presented in this reflective essay helped me to gain great experience regarding complex deliveries. I learnt to appropriately demonstrate the duties of the midwife and gained experience and knowledge for future practices. I discussed the points that were beneficial to be learnt through this case and how complications can occur due to ignorance or getting panic. I would be able to practice in safe and competent manner in future. References Adams, M. C. (2015). A documentation standard for the maternal and child health nurse inVictoria. Aune, I., Amundsen, H. H., Aas, L. C. S. (2014). Is a midwife's continuous presence during childbirth a matter of course? Midwives' experiences and thoughts about factors that may influence their continuous support of women during labour.Midwifery,30(1), 89-95. Borrelli, S. E. (2014). What is a good midwife? Insights from the literature.Midwifery,30(1), 3-10. Code of professional conduct for midwives in Australia. (2008). Nursing and Midwifery Boardof Australia. Retrieved From: file:///C:/Users/Master/Downloads/Nursing-and-Midwifery-Board---Codes-and-Guidelines---Code-of-professional-conduct-for-midwives---August-2008.PDF Code of ethics for midwives in Australia. (2008). Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. Retrieved From: file:///C:/Users/Master/Downloads/Nursing-and-Midwifery-Board---Codes-and-Guidelines---Code-of-ethics-for-midwives---August-2008.PDF Politi, S., D?Emidio, L., Cignini, P., Giorlandino, M., Giorlandino, C. (2010). Shoulder dystocia: an Evidence-Based approach.Journal of prenatal medicine,4(3), 35. Robins, K. (2012). Psychological trauma of nurse-midwives following shoulder dystociacomplicated by neonatal morbidity or mortality. Schneider, Z., Whitehead, D. (2013).Nursing and midwifery research: methods and appraisalfor evidence-based practice. Elsevier Australia. Smith, L. A., Price, N., Simonite, V., Burns, E. E. (2013). Incidence of and risk factors forperineal trauma: a prospective observational study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth,13(1), 1. Simic, L. (2014). Birth Story.Performance Research,19(4), 24-30. Thelin, I. L., Lundgren, I., Hermansson, E. (2014). Midwives' lived experience of caringduring childbirtha phenomenological study.Sexual Reproductive Healthcare,5(3), 113-118. Yznaga, E. (2013). Interprofessional Roles Shoulder Dystocia: Maximizing Safety in Community Hospitals.